Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins (PCDDs) and Dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in Muscle and Eggs of Salmonid Fishes from the Great Lakes

Giesy, John P.; Kannan, Kurunthachalam; Kubitz, J.; Williams, Lisa L.; Zabik, Mary E.

doi:10.1007/pl00006616

“…Investigations carried out by Loonen et al [17] indicated very low dietary absorption efficiencies for PCDD/Fs in general, and the absorption of penta‐ and hexachlorinated dibenzo‐ p ‐dioxins and dibenzofurans was more efficient than the absorption of tetra‐, hepta‐, and octachlorinated dibenzo‐ p ‐dioxins and dibenzofurans. On the other hand, absorption of hepta‐ and octachlorinated dibenzo‐ p ‐dioxins and dibenzofurans in fish is not fully inhibited because of their extreme structural and physicochemical properties, because they were actually among the main congeners in the salmonid fishes of the Great Lakes [18].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chem. 23,2004 P. Isosaari et al not fully inhibited because of their extreme structural and physicochemical properties, because they were actually among the main congeners in the salmonid fishes of the Great Lakes [18]. The lower accumulation efficiencies of PCDD/Fs as compared with PCBs were expected based on the results of previous studies [19].…”

Section: Accumulation Efficienciesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Accumulation and distribution of polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxin, dibenzofuran, and polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Isosaari¹,

Kiviranta²,

Lie³

et al. 2004

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Adult Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) were fed on four diets containing polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) for 30 weeks. Lipid-normalized concentrations showed that all congeners were equally partitioned between whole-fish and fillet samples. Skinned fillet accumulated approximately 30% of the total PCDD/F and PCB content in fish. Accumulation efficiencies in whole fish were 43% for 2,3,7,8-chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans, 83% for dioxin-like PCBs, and 78% for other PCB congeners. Among PCDD/Fs, tetra- and pentachlorinated congeners were preferentially accumulated in salmon, whereas hepta- and octachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins were excreted in the feces. Substitution patterns that were associated with a preferential accumulation of PCBs in salmon included non-ortho substitution and tetrachlorination. Accumulation efficiencies and lipid-normalized biomagnification factors (BMFs) were not influenced by the PCDD/F and PCB concentrations of the diets. Biomagnification (BMF > 1) of tetra- and pentachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and of all the PCBs was observed. Differences in the behavior of PCDD/F and PCB congeners resulted in a selective enrichment of the most toxic congeners in salmon.

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“…Other studies have shown that water can be a major pathway for accumulation of PCDD/F congeners [14]. In our study, fish were kept under standard aquaculture conditions and were fed environmentally relevant concentrations of TCDD based on data obtained for forage fish from the North American Great Lakes [1,2,20]. Mass balance studies, both in the laboratory and field, indicate that in larger predatory species, the primary vector of accumulation is via diet [2,3].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These observations make it necessary to investigate the accumulation and effects of PCDD/F congeners during long-term exposures at ecologically relevant concentrations. In our study, fish were kept under standard aquaculture conditions and were fed environmentally relevant concentrations of TCDD based on data obtained for forage fish from the North American Great Lakes [1,2,20]. Because no effect was found on growth or reproductive status of the fish in this study, the accumulation characteristics observed for these fish should be representative of those that would be expected to occur in the environment.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

ACCUMULATION OF 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-p-DIOXIN BY RAINBOW TROUT (ONCHORHYNCHUS MYKISS) AT ENVIRONMENTALLY RELEVANT DIETARY CONCENTRATIONS

Jones¹,

Kannan²,

Newsted³

et al. 2001

Environ Toxicol Chem

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Rainbow trout were fed a diet containing 1.8, 18, or 90 pg/g 3H-2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) for up to 320 d. Concentrations of TCDD were determined in muscle, liver, and ovaries at 100, 150, 200, and 250 d. Concentrations of TCDD reached an apparent steady-state concentration in liver after 100 d of exposure, whereas concentrations in other tissues continued to increase until 150 d of exposure. The greatest portion of the total mass of TCDD was present in the muscle tissue with lesser proportions in other organs. As the ovaries developed before spawning, an increase occurred in the total mass of TCDD present in this tissue. The assimilation rate of TCDD during the initial 100 d of the exposure was determined to be between 10 and 30%. This is somewhat less than estimates derived based on both uptake and elimination constants determined during shorter exposures. Biomagnification factors (BMFs) were estimated for all tissues and exposure concentrations, and at all exposure periods. Lipid-normalized BMFs for muscle ranged from 0.38 to 1.51, which is consistent with the value of 1.0 predicted from fugacity theory. Uptake and depuration rate constants were determined and used to predict individual organ TCDD concentrations. Comparison with observed values indicated that the model could be used to predict tissue concentrations from the known concentrations of TCDD in food. This model will allow more refined risk assessments by predicting TCDD concentrations in sensitive tissues such as developing eggs.

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“…Fish are often exposed to relatively small concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo‐ p ‐dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and similar compounds but can accumulate these compounds to concentrations that can have adverse effects on the fish or on predators that consume them [1]. In ecological risk assessment, ability to predict tissue‐specific concentrations of PCDDs and PCDFs (PCDD/Fs) that could be accumulated during long‐term exposures is important.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accumulation of 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin by rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) at environmentally relevant dietary concentrations

Jones

¹

,

Kannan

²

,

Newsted

³

et al. 2001

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Rainbow trout were fed a diet containing 1.8, 18, or 90 pg/g 3H-2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) for up to 320 d. Concentrations of TCDD were determined in muscle, liver, and ovaries at 100, 150, 200, and 250 d. Concentrations of TCDD reached an apparent steady-state concentration in liver after 100 d of exposure, whereas concentrations in other tissues continued to increase until 150 d of exposure. The greatest portion of the total mass of TCDD was present in the muscle tissue with lesser proportions in other organs. As the ovaries developed before spawning, an increase occurred in the total mass of TCDD present in this tissue. The assimilation rate of TCDD during the initial 100 d of the exposure was determined to be between 10 and 30%. This is somewhat less than estimates derived based on both uptake and elimination constants determined during shorter exposures. Biomagnification factors (BMFs) were estimated for all tissues and exposure concentrations, and at all exposure periods. Lipid-normalized BMFs for muscle ranged from 0.38 to 1.51, which is consistent with the value of 1.0 predicted from fugacity theory. Uptake and depuration rate constants were determined and used to predict individual organ TCDD concentrations. Comparison with observed values indicated that the model could be used to predict tissue concentrations from the known concentrations of TCDD in food. This model will allow more refined risk assessments by predicting TCDD concentrations in sensitive tissues such as developing eggs.

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Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins (PCDDs) and Dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in Muscle and Eggs of Salmonid Fishes from the Great Lakes

Cited by 21 publications

References 33 publications

Accumulation and distribution of polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxin, dibenzofuran, and polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Accumulation and distribution of polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxin, dibenzofuran, and polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

ACCUMULATION OF 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-p-DIOXIN BY RAINBOW TROUT (ONCHORHYNCHUS MYKISS) AT ENVIRONMENTALLY RELEVANT DIETARY CONCENTRATIONS

Accumulation of 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin by rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) at environmentally relevant dietary concentrations

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