POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZO-p-DIOXINS, DIBENZOFURANS, BIPHENYLS AND 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-p-DIOXIN EQUIVALENTS IN FISHES FROM SAGINAW BAY, MICHIGAN

Giesy, John P.; Jude, David J.; Tillitt, Donald E.; Gale, Robert W.; Meadows, John C.; Zajieck, James L.; Peterman, Paul H.; Verbrugge, David A.; Sanderson, J. Thomas; Schwartz, Ted R.; Tuchman, Marc L.

doi:10.1897/1551-5028(1997)016<0713:pdpddb>2.3.co;2

Cited by 28 publications

(57 citation statements)

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“…The relatively great concentrations of PCDDs and PCDFs measured in fishes from Saginaw Bay, Michigan, were similar to those reported by others (Fehringer et al 1985;Stalling et al 1985;Baumann and Whittle 1988;Kuehl et al 1989;Firestone et al 1996;Gale et al 1997;Giesy et al 1997). Concentrations of PCDDs (92-215 pg/g, wet weight) and PCDFs (250-380 pg/g, wet weight) in the muscle of fishes from Saginaw Bay were two-to four-and 20-to 30-fold, respectively, greater than those reported for the whole channel catfish caged in Saginaw Bay during the mid-1990s .…”

Section: Pcdd and Pcdf Concentrations Among Locationssupporting

confidence: 88%

“…While the study by Gale et al (1997) was different from our study in many respects, in addition to being a different species, this may suggest a decline in PCDF concentrations relative to those of PCDDs in fishes in Saginaw Bay. While whole fish samples collected in the mid-1990s from Saginaw Bay exhibited the presence of greater proportions of 2,3,7,8-TCDF Giesy et al 1997), fishes collected in 1987 and 1988 for this study contained 50-60% of the total PCDFs as OCDF (Tables 1-3). This implies a reduction in the input of greater chlorinated furan congeners in Saginaw Bay.…”

Section: Pcdd and Pcdf Concentrations Among Locationsmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…PCDDs and PCDFs have been found in various environmental compartments in the Great Lakes including air, water, sediment, fish, and birds (Stalling et al 1985;Fehringer et al 1985;De Vault et al 1989;Niimi and Oliver 1989;Smith et al 1989;Kuehl et al 1989;Braune and Norstrom 1989;Kubiak et al 1989;Zacharewski et al 1989;Bishop et al 1991;Ankley et al 1992;Hebert et al 1994;Firestone et al 1996;Pearson et al 1997;Gale et al 1997;Giesy et al 1997). A wide variety of sources, including combustion-related atmospheric deposition, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), historical chlorophenol production, and kraft pulp mills, have been implicated for the presence of PCDDs and PCDFs in the Great Lakes (O'Keefe et al 1983;Czuczwa and Hites 1986;De Vault et al 1989;Hebert et al 1994;Pearson et al 1997;Huestis et al 1997).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A wide variety of sources, including combustion-related atmospheric deposition, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), historical chlorophenol production, and kraft pulp mills, have been implicated for the presence of PCDDs and PCDFs in the Great Lakes (O'Keefe et al 1983;Czuczwa and Hites 1986;De Vault et al 1989;Hebert et al 1994;Pearson et al 1997;Huestis et al 1997). Although concentrations of PCDDs and PCDFs have declined in wildlife from several locations in the Great Lakes (Herbert et al 1994;Pearson et al 1997), concentrations measured in fish in the Great Lakes waters still remain greater than those reported from several other locations in the United States (Firestone et al 1996;Giesy et al 1997). Elevated concentrations of PCDDs and PCDFs have been reported in fish from selected Michigan rivers and Saginaw Bay compared to other locations in the United States since the mid-1980s (Fehringer et al 1985;Baumann and Whittle 1988;Giesy et al 1994aGiesy et al , 1997Firestone et al 1996;Gale et al 1997).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although concentrations of PCDDs and PCDFs have declined in wildlife from several locations in the Great Lakes (Herbert et al 1994;Pearson et al 1997), concentrations measured in fish in the Great Lakes waters still remain greater than those reported from several other locations in the United States (Firestone et al 1996;Giesy et al 1997). Elevated concentrations of PCDDs and PCDFs have been reported in fish from selected Michigan rivers and Saginaw Bay compared to other locations in the United States since the mid-1980s (Fehringer et al 1985;Baumann and Whittle 1988;Giesy et al 1994aGiesy et al , 1997Firestone et al 1996;Gale et al 1997). While PCDDs and PCDFs have been observed in fishes from Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron, Michigan, historical concentrations of these compounds in fishes in other areas of the Great Lakes surrounding Michigan are less well known.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins (PCDDs) and Dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in Muscle and Eggs of Salmonid Fishes from the Great Lakes

Giesy

Kannan

Kubitz

et al. 1999

Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.

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Concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) were measured in dorsal muscle and eggs of coho salmon, lake trout, and chinook salmon collected from Lakes Superior, Michigan, and Huron (Michigan waters). Absolute and relative concentrations of PCDDs and PCDFs varied among sampling locations (inter- and intralake) and fish species. Fish collected from Bay City (Saginaw Bay) contained the greatest concentrations of PCDDs and PCDFs both in muscle and eggs. Among the three fish species, chinook salmon accumulated greater concentrations than did coho salmon or lake trout. Concentrations of PCDFs were greater than those of PCDDs in all fishes. OCDF and TCDF were the predominant congeners of PCDF, whereas OCDD and TCDD concentrations predominated in PCDDs. Homolog compositions of PCDDs and PCDFs suggested the existence of multiple local sources in various locations. Concentrations of PCDDs and PCDFs in eggs of fishes were significantly correlated with those in muscle.

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Section: Pcdd and Pcdf Concentrations Among Locationssupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Pcdd and Pcdf Concentrations Among Locationsmentioning

confidence: 65%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins (PCDDs) and Dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in Muscle and Eggs of Salmonid Fishes from the Great Lakes

Giesy

Kannan

Kubitz

et al. 1999

Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.

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Fixed‐effect‐level toxicity equivalents—a suitable parameter for assessing ethoxyresorufin‐O‐deethylase induction potency in complex environmental samples

Brack

Segner

Möder

et al. 2000

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Abstract-Within the scope of bioassay-directed identification of dioxin-like toxicants in complex environmental samples, EC50-based and fixed-effect-level-based 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) toxicity equivalents (TEQs) were compared to assess 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) inducing potency of sediment fractions using the rainbow trout liver cell line RTL-W1 as bioassay system. Toxicity equivalents on the basis of fixed effect levels are suggested in order to minimize interpretation problems due to the superposition of enzyme-inducing and enzyme-inhibiting effects. Bioassay-directed fractionation of a contaminated sediment extract in the industrial region of Bitterfeld (Germany) based on fixed-effect-level TEQs indicated high dioxin-like activity in the lipophilic sediment fractions containing the prototypic arylhydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonists polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). However, only a small part of the EROD induction could be attributed to the PCBs and PAHs that were analyzed. Significant EROD induction occurred also with some of the more polar fractions.

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Derivation and application of relative potency estimates based on in vitro bioassay results

Villeneuve

Blankenship

Giesy

2000

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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253

220

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Abstract-Relative potency (REP) estimates are widely used to characterize and compare the potency of a wide variety of samples analyzed using in vitro bioassays. Relative potency estimates are generally calculated as a simple ratio: the EC50 of a wellcharacterized standard divided by the EC50 of a sample. Such estimates are valid only when the dose-response curves for the sample and standard are parallel and exhibit the same maximum achievable response (efficacy). These conditions are often either violated or cannot be demonstrated. As a result, there is a need to calculate and present REPs in a manner that addresses the potential uncertainties caused by violation of the assumptions of parallelism and equal efficacy. Multiple point estimates, over the range of responses from EC20 to EC80, can be used to derive relative potency ranges (REP 20-80 range). The width of a REP range is directly proportional to the degree of deviation from parallelism between sample and standard dose-response curves. Thus, REP 20-80 ranges both test the assumption of parallelism and characterize the amount of uncertainty in an REP estimate resulting from deviation from parallelism. Although uncertainties due to unequal efficacy cannot be easily characterized mathematically, a systematic method for evaluating sample efficacy has been developed into a framework to guide the derivation and application of REP estimates based on in vitro bioassay results. Use of the systematic framework and REP 20-80 ranges was illustrated using three sample data sets. It is hoped that the framework and discussion presented will facilitate the use of bioassay-derived REP estimates to characterize samples of both known and unknown composition without ignoring the assumptions underlying REP estimation.

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POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZO-p-DIOXINS, DIBENZOFURANS, BIPHENYLS AND 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-p-DIOXIN EQUIVALENTS IN FISHES FROM SAGINAW BAY, MICHIGAN

Cited by 28 publications

References 0 publications

Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins (PCDDs) and Dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in Muscle and Eggs of Salmonid Fishes from the Great Lakes

Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins (PCDDs) and Dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in Muscle and Eggs of Salmonid Fishes from the Great Lakes

Fixed‐effect‐level toxicity equivalents—a suitable parameter for assessing ethoxyresorufin‐O‐deethylase induction potency in complex environmental samples

Derivation and application of relative potency estimates based on in vitro bioassay results

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