Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the British environment: Sinks, sources and temporal trends

Atmospheric polychlorinated biphenyls in Indian cities: Levels, emission sources and toxicity equivalents

“…PCBs have been used in hydraulic and heat transfer fluids, paints, sealants, plasticizers and carbonless copy paper (Breivik et al, 2002). PCBs were also extensively used in small capacitors in cars in the past (Cummins, 1988;Harrad et al, 1994). The landfill areas in India where municipal solid waste is dumped are mostly open and being ubiquitous there are chances for chemical accumulation.…”

Evidence for the transfer of polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, and polychlorinated dibenzofurans from soil into biota

“…Soils play an important role in the global fate (Harrad et al, 1994;Wild and Jones, 1995), and vegetation plays an important role in the global cycling and food chain transfer of POPs (Chiou et al, 2001). Plants/crops also could accumulate organic chemicals from contaminated soils through the plant water, lipid and soil interstitial water (Chiou et al, 2001).…”

“…Soils are an important reservoir for persistent organic pollutants (POPs) (Harrad et al, 1994;Cousins and Jones, 1998), while plants lie in the first trophic level in the agricultural food chain, they play an important role in the global cycling and food chain transfer of PCBs and PCDD/Fs (McLachlan, 1996;Thomas et al, 1998). Some researchers have studied the pathway of background exposure to PCBs and PCDD/Fs in agricultural food chains, which was atmosphere-fodder-cattlecows' milk/beef (McLachlan, 1996;Theelen et al, 1993).…”

Concentration and distribution of PCNs in ambient soil of a municipal solid waste incinerator

“…PCNs have bioaccumulation potential, and a number of congeners have been detected in the atmosphere, soils and sediments (Zhao et al, 2011). Studies have shown that soil acts as a long-term store for atmospherically deposited PCNs (Krauss and Wilcke, 2003;Pan et al, 2013), therefore, wide-spread PCN contamination of soil may be expected (Harrad et al, 1994;Wild and Jones, 1995). While the environmental occurrence and dynamics of PCBs and PCDD/ Fs have been extensively studied for more than three decades, only a few studies have surveyed PCN levels in soil close to MSWIs.…”