Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in the indoor dust in China: Levels, spatial distribution and human exposure

Zhu, Ning-Zheng; Liu, Liyan; Ma, Wan–Li; Li, Wenlong; Song, Weiwei; Qi, Hong; Li, Yifan

doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.09.020

Cited by 77 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The other was that the percentage of non-dietary PBDE daily intake via indoor inhalation is low. Our HQs were consistent with those reported in previous reports (Lim et al, 2014;Zhu et al, 2015), i.e., below 1.00, indicating that PBDEs in the indoor environment are not harmful to human health.…”

Section: Assessment Of the Risks Of Non-dietary Pbde Exposuresupporting

confidence: 82%

“…The estimated mean daily intake of indoor PBDEs by different age groups (infants, toddlers, children, teenagers, and adults) in the present study was comparable to those in studies from Heilongjiang, China (Zhu et al, 2013), all China (Zhu et al, 2015), and Busan, Korea (for adults and toddlers; Lee et al, 2013); lower than the daily intake in studies from southern China (for house dust in homes near e-waste recycling sites; Zheng et al, 2015) and northern Vietnam (Tue et al, 2013), but higher than the daily intake in a study from northern Poland (for adults and toddlers; Król et al, 2014). The primary sources of human exposure to PBDEs appear to be dietary, dust, air, handwipes, handkerchiefs, and direct skin contact.…”

Section: Non-dietary Pbdes Daily Intake Insupporting

confidence: 72%

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Indoor Level of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in the Home Environment and Assessment of Human Health Risks

Shy

Hsu

Shih

et al. 2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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It has been demonstrated that human exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) might be associated with several adverse health effects. Dietary and microenvironmental sources are considered to be the main routes of PBDEs exposure. The study aimed to investigate PBDEs in residential indoor and outdoor air and further to assess the health risks in family members of different ages. Indoor and outdoor air samples from houses in residential areas were simultaneously collected for analysis of 99, 100, 153, 154, 183, 196, 197, 203, 206, 207, 208, and 209 by high-resolution gas chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry. PBDE concentrations were non-significantly higher indoors (81.1 pg/m 3 ) than outdoors (42.7 pg/m 3 ) (p = 0.513). For the outdoor air, the mean PBDE level was lower in air outside houses than in air from industrial and urban areas. Levels of Σ 14 PBDEs and BDE-209 in house indoor air were no higher in Taiwan than other countries. The daily intake of non-dietary PBDEs from house air and dust in Taiwan was highest in the toddlers (1-2 years old; 8.22 ng/kg b.w./day) and lowest in the male adults (≥ 20 years old; 0.562 ng/kg b.w./day) among family members. For Taiwanese, the risks of non-cancer (hazard quotient: HQ) and cancer (cancer risk: R) with neurobehavioral effects of exposure to non-dietary PBDEs in the home environment were assessed to be lower than the critical values of 1.00 and 1.00 × 10 -6 for HQs and Rs, respectively. In conclusion, levels of indoor PBDEs and non-dietary daily intake were found to be low in home environments in Taiwan. This result suggests that PBDEs in the home environment are not harmful to family members from the newborn to the elderly if we only consider the neurobehavioral effects.

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Section: Assessment Of the Risks Of Non-dietary Pbde Exposuresupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Non-dietary Pbdes Daily Intake Insupporting

confidence: 72%

Indoor Level of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in the Home Environment and Assessment of Human Health Risks

Shy

Hsu

Shih

et al. 2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…The results of their study revealed higher PBDEs concentration when compared to our results in the background and rural zones, while our results in industrial zones showed higher PBDEs concentration as compared to the results for home and mosque . Our results for PBDEs concentration in the dust (indoor and outdoor) were multifold lower than China, Massachusetts, North Carolina, USA, Canada, Greece (Allen et al, 2008;Stapleton et al, 2012;Zhu et al, 2015;Shoeib et al, 2012;Ni et al, 2011;Besis et al, 2014). However the Penta, Octa and deca-PBDEs were evident to be consumed in huge proportions in USA, China and others countries as compared to Pakistan.…”

Section: Summary Of Pbdescontrasting

confidence: 61%

“…Our current study results and Zhu et al (2015) results from china without BDE-209 in consideration revealed that BDE-183 is the most dominant congeners followed by the other. This may be attributed to PBDEs commercial products practiced in Pakistan that are different from other countries, reflecting one of the possible reason for such different congener profiles as concluded the same results in the study of Zhu et al (2015). Cheap and minimum life span of consumer products that have their domestic origin or exported from other countries are the main culprit of the PBDEs emissions in the dust environment of study areas.…”

Section: Summary Of Pbdesmentioning

confidence: 49%

New insight into the levels, distribution and health risk diagnosis of indoor and outdoor dust-bound FRs in colder, rural and industrial zones of Pakistan

Khan

Zhang

et al. 2016

Environmental Pollution

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“…In recent years, considerable attention has been paid to the indoor BFR contamination and associated human exposure. High levels of BFRs have been found in indoor dust in many regions (Besis and Samara, 2012;Zhu et al, 2015), which is considered to be an important medium of exposure to BFRs (Stapleton et al, 2008;Shoeib et al, 2012). A previous study suggests that brominated compounds are transferred from products to dust matrices either through miniaturization and subsequent direct migration into dust as plastic and textile fragments or through vaporization and airborne transfer of microparticulates (Suzuki et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in indoor and outdoor air in a community in Guangzhou, a megacity of southern China

Ding

Wang

Chen

et al. 2016

Environmental Pollution

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a b s t r a c tIndoor environments contribute a significant portion of human exposure to brominated flame retardants (BFRs) because of their extensive use in various household products. This study investigates the occurrence of a number of BFRs in the indoor and outdoor air in a megacity in southern China, in which little information on indoor BFRs contamination is available. The estimated total PBDE concentrations ranged from 1.43 to 57 pg/m 3 indoors and from 1.21 to 1522 pg/m 3 outdoors. The indoor concentrations of lower brominated PBDEs that are mainly derived from the technical penta-and octa-BDE mixtures were higher than or comparable to the outdoors, while the indoor levels of DecaBDEs and decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) were apparently lower than the outdoors. The seasonal variations of BFR concentrations indicated that evaporation from old indoor products is the primary source of Penta-and OctaBDEs in the air, whereas most DecaBDEs and DBDPE concentrations showing weak temperature-dependence are largely released from industrial activities. The PBDE congener profiles in the air were generally similar, which were dominated by BDE209, 28, and 47; whereas the appreciable indooreoutdoor differences in the compositions are possibly due to emission sources, photochemical degradation, or congener-specific transport of BFRs in the indoor and outdoor air. Significant correlations between the indoor and outdoor BFRs were observed suggesting the exchange of BFRs between the two compartments, which are more noticeable for PentaBDEs and DecaBDEs with strong indoor and outdoor emission sources, respectively. This study provides significant insights into the sources of BFRs in urban air in China.

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Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in the indoor dust in China: Levels, spatial distribution and human exposure

Cited by 77 publications

References 38 publications

Indoor Level of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in the Home Environment and Assessment of Human Health Risks

Indoor Level of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in the Home Environment and Assessment of Human Health Risks

New insight into the levels, distribution and health risk diagnosis of indoor and outdoor dust-bound FRs in colder, rural and industrial zones of Pakistan

Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in indoor and outdoor air in a community in Guangzhou, a megacity of southern China

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