Polyaniline stabilized barium titanate nanoparticles reinforced epoxy nanocomposites with high dielectric permittivity and reduced flammability

Abstract

Epoxy polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) filled with both barium titanate (BaTiO 3 ) (500 and 100 nm) and conductive polyaniline (PANI) stabilized BaTiO 3 nanoparticles (NPs) have been successfully prepared. The effects of the BaTiO 3 nanofiller loading level and the PANI coating on the mechanical properties, rheological behavior, thermal stability, flammability and dielectric properties were systematically studied. The viscosity study on the nanosuspensions indicates that the PANI layer on the BaTiO 3 nanoparticle surface can promote the network formation of the epoxy resin. The introduction of the PANI layer was found to reduce the heat release rate and to increase the char residue of the epoxy resin. The dynamic storage and loss moduli were studied together with the glass transition temperature (T g ) obtained from the peak of tan d, and the reduced T g in the PNCs is associated with the enlarged free volume. The tensile test indicated an improved tensile strength of the epoxy matrix with the introduction of the BaTiO 3 NPs. Compared with the cured pure epoxy, the elasticity modulus was increased for all the PNC samples. The fracture surface study revealed an enhanced toughness. Due to the ferroelectric nature of BaTiO 3 , the real dielectric permittivity increased with increasing the BaTiO 3 nanoparticle loading. The PANI layer on the surface of BaTiO 3 also enhanced the dielectric permittivity arising from the interfacial polarization formed in the PNCs.

Mechanical performance of epoxy matrix hybrid nanocomposites containing carbon nanotubes and nanodiamonds

“…carbon nanofibers, graphene and graphite platelets and many other nanoreinforcements are used in thermo and thermosetting polymers for a variety of mechanical and functional properties including increased strength, enhanced toughness, electrical conductivity, shape memory effect, flame resistivity, rheological behavior and electromagnetic filed absorption [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32].…”

Transparent anhydride–cured epoxy nanocomposites reinforced with polyaniline stabilized nanosilica

“…6 shows the SEM images of the fracture surface for the cured pure epoxy and its nanocomposites filled with 0.5 wt% u-silica and f-silica obtained from the tensile specimens at room temperature in order to investigate the topography of the epoxy nanocomposites. The rough fracture surface arises from the matrix shear yielding or polymer deformation between the silica nanoparticles, which is also observed in the carbon nanofibers reinforced amine-epoxy nanocomposites, 11 Fe 3 O 4 filled amine-epoxy nanocomposites, 14 barium titanate nanoparticle reinforced amine-epoxy nanocomposites, 24 and imidazole functionalized graphene in anhydride cured epoxy (DER 332 resin). The fracture surface of the cured pure DER 331 is smooth and river-like, Fig.…”

“…331 resin. 9 Even though epoxy resin has many excellent properties, such as good environmental resistance, excellent thermal and electrical insulating properties, high tensile strength and modulus, 10 nanofillers including carbon nanotubes (CNTs), 10 carbon nanofibers (CNFs), 11 graphene, 3,12 iron and iron oxide nanoparticles, 13,14 nanoclay, 15 polyaniline (PANI), 16,17 polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS), 18 silica, 19,20 indium tin oxide, 21 zinc oxide, 9,22 alumina, 23 and barium titanate 24 have been introduced to form nanocomposites aiming to provide enhanced mechanical, magnetic, electrical, flame retardant and optical properties. 7 Normally, the obtained anhydride-epoxy system can have high glass transition temperature (T g ), low water adsorption, and standard processability.…”

Carbon nanotube/polyaniline nanocomposites: Electronic structure, doping level and morphology investigations

“…The nanocomposites represent a dramatic improvement in mechanical, thermal, electrical, optical, and redox properties in comparison to their individual components. A surface initiated polymerization (SIP) method was employed recently to synthesize polyaniline polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) filled with transition metal oxides as well as silica nanoparticles exhibiting potential applications in different fields [24][25][26][27][28][29].…”