Polyaniline/carbon nanotube composite films electrosynthesis through diazonium salts electroreduction and electrochemical polymerization

Abstract

In this work, we combine two widely used techniques to produce modified electrodes, that is, the electroreduction of diazonium salts and the electropolymerization of conductive polymers in order to obtain polyaniline (PANI)/carbon nanotube (CNTs) composites. Thus, in a first step, a CNTs electrode was functionalized with 4-nitrophenyl group by electrochemical reduction of 4-nitrobenzenediazonium salt in nonaqueous media. Then, the nitro group was reduced electrochemically to amine functionality. Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used to trace the reactions in each step. The PANI film can easily be grafted onto the surface of such obtained aminophenyl-modified CNTs electrodes. The PANI/CNTs films generated by this strategy show electrochemical behavior similar to that of PANI simply electrodeposited on CNTs electrodes, but exhibit significantly improved stability and higher capacitance values.

Synthesis and characterization of hybrid PANI/MWCNT nanocomposites for EMI applications

“…CNT/PANI nanocomposites prepared via in situ polymerization methods demonstrate the grafting of granular polyaniline on the CNT . The electrochemical polymerization route for the preparation of CNT/PANI nanocomposites showed that PANI nanofibers wrapped around the carbon nanotube . Electrochemical polymerization route is expensive and not suitable for mass production.…”

Synthesis of conducting azopolymers by electrochemical grafting of a diazonium salt at polypyrrole electrodes

“…As reported in our previous study concerning several parasubstituted arenediazonium salts [10], also in the case of NABDBF 4 À the reduction at the polypyrrole electrode occurs more easily (E p approx. +0.1 V) than at the other electrodes (E p approx.…”

“…The 4-[(4 0 -nitrophenyl)azo]benzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate (NABDBF 4 À ) was prepared by diazotisation of 4-amino-4 0 -nitroazobenzene with sodium nitrite in 40% fluoroboric acid solution as described in our previous studies [3,4].…”

“…The electrochemical synthesis of conductive polymers such as polypyrrole, polyaniline, and polythiophene represents a widely employed method for elaborating modified electrodes for applications in energy conversion and storage, electrochromism, electrocatalysis, and electrochemical sensors [1][2][3][4][5]. The chemical functionalization of conductive polymers offers the attractive possibility of developing materials that, in addition to their intrinsic electrical conductivity, incorporate specific properties of the functional group introduced [6].…”

Grafting of 4-pyrrolyphenyldiazonium in situ generated on NiTi, an adhesion promoter for pyrrole electropolymerisation?

“…The use of grafted diazonium salt as adhesion promoter for the electropolymerisation of conducting polymers is well known [40][41][42][43]. Particularly, among the wide variety of monomers to generate conducting polymers, pyrrole is of particular interest mainly because of its relatively low oxidation potential (~ 0.8 V/SCE).…”