Polyamide 11/Poly(butylene succinate) Bio-Based Polymer Blends

Lorenzo, Maria Laura Di; Longo, Alessandra; Androsch, René

doi:10.3390/ma12172833

Cited by 24 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Biopolyamides include both bio-based and biodegradable fossil fuel-based polyamides [ 80 ]. One of the most imperative bio-based polyamides is PA11, which is produced from 11-aminodecanoic acid derived from castor oil [ 108 ]. PA11 is a commercial aliphatic polyamide used in various fields, including automotive, food packaging, and offshore applications, thanks to its relatively good oil and saltwater resistance, biocompatibility, and lower hydrophilicity than PA 6 and 66 [ 109 , 110 ].…”

Section: Materials Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PA11 is a semi-crystalline polymer that is rigid at room temperature with a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 43 °C [ 111 ]. Various efforts have been reported to improve the properties of PA11 that most of them have focused on the blending of PA11 with other polymers, especially bio-based ones like PLA [ 109 , 112 , 113 ], PHA [ 114 , 115 ] and PBS [ 108 , 116 ] and also the incorporation of PA11 with inorganic fillers [ 117 , 118 , 119 ].…”

Section: Materials Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Progress in Hybrid Biocomposites: Mechanical Properties, Water Absorption, and Flame Retardancy

2020

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Bio-based composites are reinforced polymeric materials in which one of the matrix and reinforcement components or both are from bio-based origins. The biocomposite industry has recently drawn great attention for diverse applications, from household articles to automobiles. This is owing to their low cost, biodegradability, being lightweight, availability, and environmental concerns over synthetic and nonrenewable materials derived from limited resources like fossil fuel. The focus has slowly shifted from traditional biocomposite systems, including thermoplastic polymers reinforced with natural fibers, to more advanced systems called hybrid biocomposites. Hybridization of bio-based fibers/matrices and synthetic ones offers a new strategy to overcome the shortcomings of purely natural fibers or matrices. By incorporating two or more reinforcement types into a single composite, it is possible to not only maintain the advantages of both types but also alleviate some disadvantages of one type of reinforcement by another one. This approach leads to improvement of the mechanical and physical properties of biocomposites for extensive applications. The present review article intends to provide a general overview of selecting the materials to manufacture hybrid biocomposite systems with improved strength properties, water, and burning resistance in recent years.

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Section: Materials Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Materials Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress in Hybrid Biocomposites: Mechanical Properties, Water Absorption, and Flame Retardancy

2020

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“…Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is produced through fermentation of sugar or lipids by bacteria and is biodegradable 13 . Polyamide 11 (PA 11) is derived from natural oils 14 . Bio‐based polyethylene (Bio‐PE) is formed from ethylene produced from ethanol during the fermentation of agricultural feedstocks or biowaste and is functionally identical to fossil‐derived PE 15 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Authenticating bioplastics using carbon and hydrogen stable isotopes – An alternative analytical approach

Rogers

Turnbull

Dahl

et al. 2021

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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Rationale A combination of stable carbon (δ13C) and hydrogen (δ2H) isotope ratios and carbon content (% C) was evaluated as a rapid, low‐cost analytical approach to authenticate bioplastics, complementing existing radiocarbon (14C) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analytical methods. Methods Petroleum‐ and bio‐based precursor materials and in‐market plastics were analysed and their δ13C, δ2H and % C values were used to establish isotope criteria to evaluate plastic claims, and the source and biocontent of the samples. 14C was used to confirm the findings of the isotope approach and FTIR analysis was used to vertify the plastic type of the in‐market plastics. Results Distinctive carbon and hydrogen stable isotope ratios were found for authentic bio‐based and petroleum‐based precursor plastics, and it was possible to classify in‐market plastics according to their source materials (petroleum, C3, C4, and mixed sources). An estimation of C4 biocontent was possible from a C4‐petroleum isotope mixing model using δ13C which was well correlated (R2 = 0.98) to 14C. It was not possible to establish a C3‐petroleum isotope mixing model due to δ13C isotopic overlap with petroleum plastics; however, the addition of δ2H and % C was useful to evaluate if petroleum‐bioplastic mixes contained C3 bioplastics, and PLS‐DA modelling reliably clustered each plastic type. Conclusions A combined dual stable isotope and carbon content approach was found to rapidly and accurately identify C3 and C4 bio‐based products from their petroleum counterparts, and identify instances of petroleum and bio‐based mixes frequently found in mislabelled bioplastics. Out of 37 in‐market products labelled as bioplastic, 19 were found to contain varying amounts of petroleum‐based plastic and did not meet their bio‐based claims.

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“…e.g., from castor oil, thus exploiting poor and semi-arid soils not suitable for food cultivars. It is very versatile, due to the possibilities for its functionalization with silanes [ 16 ] or for blending with poly(butadiene succinate) (PBS) to obtain a partially biodegradable matrix [ 17 ]. In addition, PA11 exhibit antibacterial properties as recently demonstrated [ 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Cost Biobased Coatings for AM60 Magnesium Alloys for Food Contact and Harsh Environment Applications

Mangolini

Lopresti

Conterosito

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Low-cost, environmentally friendly and easily applicable coating for Mg alloys, able to resist in real world conditions, are studied. Coatings already used for other metals (aluminum, steel) and never tested on Mg alloy for its different surface and reactivity were deposited on AM60 magnesium alloys to facilitate their technological applications, also in presence of chemically aggressive conditions. A biobased PA11 powder coating was compared to synthetic silicon-based and polyester coatings, producing lab scale samples, probed by drop deposition tests and dipping in increasingly aggressive, salty, basic and acid solutions, at RT and at higher temperatures. Coatings were analyzed by SEM/EDX to assess their morphology and compositions, by optical and IR-ATR microscopy analyses, before and after the drop tests. Migration analyses from the samples were performed by immersion tests using food simulants followed by ICP-OES analysis of the recovered simulant to explore applications also in the food contact field. A 30 μm thick white lacquer and a 120 μm PA11 coating resulted the best solutions. The thinner siliconic and lacquer coatings, appearing brittle and thin in the SEM analysis, failed some drop and/or dipping test, with damages especially at the edges. The larger thickness is thus the unique solution for edgy or pointy samples. Finally, coffee cups in AM60 alloy were produced, as real word prototypes, with the best performing coatings and tested for both migration by dipping, simulating also real world aging (2 h in acetic acid at 70° and 24 h in hot coffee at 60 °C): PA11 resulted stable in all the tests and no migration of toxic metals was observed, resulting a promising candidate for many real world application in chemically aggressive environments and also food and beverage related applications.

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Polyamide 11/Poly(butylene succinate) Bio-Based Polymer Blends

Cited by 24 publications

References 62 publications

Recent Progress in Hybrid Biocomposites: Mechanical Properties, Water Absorption, and Flame Retardancy

Recent Progress in Hybrid Biocomposites: Mechanical Properties, Water Absorption, and Flame Retardancy

Authenticating bioplastics using carbon and hydrogen stable isotopes – An alternative analytical approach

Low-Cost Biobased Coatings for AM60 Magnesium Alloys for Food Contact and Harsh Environment Applications

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