Polyacrylamide/Copper‐Alginate Double Network Hydrogel Electrolyte with Excellent Mechanical Properties and Strain‐Sensitivity

Abstract

The double network (DN) hydrogel has attracted great attention due to its wide applications in daily life. However, synthesis DN hydrogel with excellent mechanical properties is still a big challenge. Here, polyacrylamide/copper‐alginate double network (PAM/Cu‐alg DN) hydrogel electrolyte is successfully synthesized by radiation‐induced polymerization and cross‐linking process of acrylamide with N, N’‐methylene‐bis‐acrylamide and subsequent cupric ion (Cu2+) crosslinking of alginate. The content of sodium alginate, absorbed dose, and the concentration of Cu2+ are investigated in detail for improving the overall properties of PAM/Cu‐alg DN hydrogel electrolyte. The PAM/Cu‐alg DN hydrogel electrolyte synthesizes by radiation technique and Cu2+ crosslinking shows superior mechanical properties with a tensile strength of 2.25 ± 0.02 MPa, excellent energy dissipation mechanism, and the high ionic conductivity of 4.08 ± 0.17 mS cm−1. PAM/Cu‐alg DN hydrogel is characterized with attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses and the reason for the improvement of mechanical properties is illustrated. Furthermore, PAM/Cu‐alg DN hydrogel electrolyte exhibits excellent strain‐sensitivity, cyclic stability, and durability. This work paves for the new way for the preparation of DN hydrogel electrolytes with excellent properties.

Effective Removal of Tetracycline from Water Using Copper Alginate @ Graphene Oxide with In-Situ Grown MOF-525 Composite: Synthesis, Characterization and Adsorption Mechanisms

“…The disappearance of the peak of GO at 1735 cm −1 may be due to the hydrogen bond interaction with Alg-Cu, as well as the interaction with Cu 2+ [ 34 ]. Meanwhile, MOF-525 and Alg-Cu@GO@MOF-525 have similar FTIR characteristic peaks, and the peaks at 1603 and 1413 cm −1 are attributed to the in- and out-plane stretching vibration peaks caused by carboxylate groups [ 38 ]. The characteristic peak near 1556 cm −1 may be caused by the stretching vibration of C=C of benzene ring in TCPP, and the peak at 1603 cm −1 may also be the result of benzene ring vibration.…”

Fucoidan and Alginate from the Brown Algae Colpomenia sinuosa and Their Combination with Vitamin C Trigger Apoptosis in Colon Cancer

“…It is also well known that sodium alginate is a linear macromolecule composed of polyβ-1, 4-d-mannuronic acid (unit M) and α-1,4-l-glucuronic acid (unit G) [44]. Interestingly, the alginates isolated from C. sinuosa were richer in guluronic than mannuronic acid, indicating that these alginates can form strong and heat-stable hydrogels.…”

Multiple Physical Bonds Cross-Linked Strong and Tough Hydrogel with Antibacterial Ability for Wearable Strain Sensor

“…Due to the enhancement of the PAm network, the hydrogel showed a tensile strength of 2.25 ± 0.02 MPa. 14 Borrowing from the idea of cooking thick soup in China, Dong et al proposed a method of free water evaporation of the diluted pregel solution to prepare alginate hydrogels with programmable strength and toughness covering a "ductile-to-tough" transition. The key point of the method is that via free water evaporation, polymer chains can become as close and homogeneous as possible, thereby activating the energy-dissipating sacrificial bonds as much as possible, including H-bonding and ionic coordination.…”

“…Alginate, a natural anionic copolymer derived generally from seaweed, is frequently used to fabricate biobased hydrogels, because of its good biocompatibility, controllable biodegradability, and environmental sustainability. ,− The main chain of alginate is configured by (1–4)-linked β-mannuronic acid (M monomer) and α-guluronic acid (G monomer), where the M monomer and G monomer are arranged repeatedly (MM or GG) or alternately (MG). The chelation effect is readily formed between the carboxyl on the G monomer and the divalent (Ca 2+ , Ba 2+ , Cu 2+ ) or trivalent cations (Fe 3+ , Al 3+ ). , Meanwhile, due to the existence of abundant functional groups like −COOH and −OH, alginate hydrogels normally exhibit unique functionality such as pH sensitivity, photochromic ability, and shape memory effect .…”

“…Zhang et al developed a double network polyacrylamide (PAm)/Cu 2+ -alginate hydrogel by radiation-induced polymerization and cross-linking of acrylamide and subsequent Cu 2+ cross-linking of alginate. Due to the enhancement of the PAm network, the hydrogel showed a tensile strength of 2.25 ± 0.02 MPa . Borrowing from the idea of cooking thick soup in China, Dong et al proposed a method of free water evaporation of the diluted pregel solution to prepare alginate hydrogels with programmable strength and toughness covering a “ductile-to-tough” transition.…”