Poly (lactic acid) blends with excellent low temperature toughness: A comparative study on poly (lactic acid) blends with different toughening agents

Jia, Shiling; Ling, Zhao; Wang, Xiangyu; Chen, Yunjing; Pan, Hongwei; Han, Lijing; Zhang, Huiliang; Dong, Lisong

doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.126

Cited by 34 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In the work by Aliotta et al, 333 the elongation at break for PLA was 3.22%. In other works, the value observed for this same property was 4.2%, 334 4.6%, 335 6.8% 336 and 7.1%. 337 The impact resistance values found in some articles were 1.2 kJ/m 2 , 338 2.7 kJ/m 2 , 336 2.8 kJ/m 2 , 339 2.97 kJ/m 2 , 340 and 3.5 kJ/m 2 .…”

Section: Biodegradable Polymers Applied In Food Packagingsupporting

confidence: 54%

Polymer blends of poly(lactic acid) and starch for the production of films applied in food packaging: A brief review

Silva

Rios

Santana

2023

Polymers from Renewable Resources

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The limited degradation of synthetic polymers used in food packaging when discarded in the environment is a major concern for society. Therefore, industry and academia have sought to develop biodegradable and eco-friendly materials for single-use in packaging. An interesting alternative for the food industry is biodegradable polymeric films, which is why different biopolymers have been used in the production of sustainable packaging. It is worth mentioning that the use of biodegradable polymers is one of the most successful innovations in the industry to address issues related to the environment. Among the available raw materials, starch extracted from different renewable sources is very promising for this purpose, due to its abundance, low-cost compared to other polymers and ability to produce non-toxic films. However, when used alone, pure starch has many limitations, which can be overcome by developing a mixture with other polymers (polymer blends), preferably from renewable and biodegradable sources, such as poly(lactic acid) (PLA). In this context, the absence of literature reviews evidencing the results of the application of films in foods led us to write this article, given the importance of polymer blends produced with different types of starch (cassava, corn, pea, potato, rice and wheat) and the PLA matrix. According to the results, it is clear that polymer blends based on PLA/Starch for food packaging are very promising, already being part of the industries solutions, aiming to minimize the large volume of plastic waste of petrochemical origin discarded in nature. Obviously, as with any technology, more research is needed to further improve the performance of the films, and while much research has made great strides, there are still limitations that prevent the commercialization of these materials.

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Section: Biodegradable Polymers Applied In Food Packagingsupporting

confidence: 54%

Polymer blends of poly(lactic acid) and starch for the production of films applied in food packaging: A brief review

Silva

Rios

Santana

2023

Polymers from Renewable Resources

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“…Figure 6 e shows the Cole–Cole plots of the virtual viscosity (η″) and real viscosity (η’). Since immiscible mixtures with different phase morphologies exhibit different relaxation mechanisms, the Cole–Cole diagrams describing the relationship between the imaginary part η″ and the real part η’ of the complex viscosity should show different shapes [ 40 ]. For immiscible blends, the Cole–Cole plots of η″ and η’ produce two arcs, which are related to the appearance of two processes with different relaxation times.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of High-Toughness Lignin Phenolic Resin Biomaterials Based via Polybutylene Succinate Molecular Intercalation

Xie

Sun

Yang

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Lignin has many potential applications and is a biopolymer with a three-dimensional network structure. It is composed of three phenylpropane units, p-hydroxyphenyl, guaiacyl, and syringyl, connected by ether bonds and carbon–carbon bonds, and it contains a large number of phenol or aldehyde structural units, resulting in complex lignin structures. This limits the application of lignin. To expand the application range of lignin, we prepared lignin thermoplastic phenolic resins (LPRs) by using lignin instead of phenol; these LPRs had molecular weights of up to 1917 g/mol, a molecular weight distribution of 1.451, and an O/P value of up to 2.73. Due to the complex structure of the lignin, the synthetic lignin thermoplastic phenolic resins were not very tough, which greatly affected the performance of the material. If the lignin phenolic resins were toughened, their application range would be substantially expanded. Polybutylene succinate (PBS) has excellent processability and excellent mechanical properties. The toughening effects of different PBS contents in the LPRs were investigated. PBS was found to be compatible with the LPRs, and the flexible chain segments of the small PBS molecules were embedded in the molecular chain segments of the LPRs, thus reducing the crystallinities of the LPRs. The good compatibility between the two materials promoted hydrogen bond formation between the PBS and LPRs. Rheological data showed good interfacial bonding between the materials, and the modulus of the high-melting PBS made the LPRs more damage resistant. When PBS was added at 30%, the tensile strength of the LPRs was increased by 2.8 times to 1.65 MPa, and the elongation at break increased by 31 times to 93%. This work demonstrates the potential of lignin thermoplastic phenolic resins for industrial applications and provides novel concepts for toughening biobased aromatic resins with PBS.

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“…As observed in Table 2, there is no noticeable increment in the tensile properties of PLA/PC blend when compared to their virgin ones. This could possibly be due to the poor adhesion at the interface of PLA and PC, which in turn may create hindrance and differences between the molecular structures and melt viscosity of PLA and PC [22][23][24]. Based on the test result for the mechanical properties, the blend ratios of (50/50) weight % of 50PLA/50PC is the optimized ratio for the blend optimization and hence, this ratio is considered for the compatibilization with a catalyst and different (TA-2022 & TA-1578) types of triacetin to discover the effects on the properties.…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, a shoulder peak was noticed before Ti around 430 °C that represents chemical reactions associated with the thermal oxidative degradation along with chain scission of isopropylidene bond. Additionally, it also reflects the molecular linkages between oxygen atom where cross linking and branching reactions take place [22][23].…”

Section: Tem Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PC is a group of aromatic polyester consisting of carbonate groups with high level of aromaticity. PC is a strong and tough material due to the presence of the ether linkages in its backbone chain that allows some flexibility and rotation in the polymeric chains [4,21,22]. It is a well-known engineering thermoplastic with exceptional properties such as high mechanical strength (Eb% break & Impact), high thermal stability (Tg, Tm, Tc) and melt viscosity along with polarity [5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Compatibilization of Poly (lactic acid)/Polycarbonate Blends using Triacetin-mediated Interchange Reactions

Kumar

Hassan²,

Yahya³

et al. 2023

Mal. J. Fund. Appl. Sci.

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There is a strong interest in the use of poly (lactic acid) PLA which is a renewable polymer for environmental sustainability. The aim of the paper is to improve the properties of PLA by blending with polycarbonate (PC) at various ratios using melt blending technique. The effects of two types of triacetin (TA) as compatibilizers and tetra butyl ammonium tetraphenylborate (TBATPB) as catalyst were investigated. Mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of the PLA/PC blends were examined. The addition of both triacetin (2022 type, 5 wt%) with catalyst (0.2 wt%) in 50PLA/50PC blends showed good improvement in modulus and elongation at break. The Young’s modulus, flexural modulus and elongation at break increased by 280MPa, 238MPa and 94% respectively compared to uncompatibilzed 50PLA/50PC blend. It was depicted that transesterification reaction can take place only in the presence of compatibilizers; however, the addition of the catalyst accelerates the reaction. Dynamic mechanical analysis revealed a new peak attributed to the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the PLA-PC copolymer at a temperature (~ 110 °C) higher than Tg of typical PLA and lower than the Tg of typical PC. It can be concluded that the addition of triacetin and catalyst results in the overall best mechanical properties, thereby confirming the synergistic action promoted the transesterification reaction between PLA and PC promoting the compatibility of the PLA/PC system.

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Poly (lactic acid) blends with excellent low temperature toughness: A comparative study on poly (lactic acid) blends with different toughening agents

Cited by 34 publications

References 37 publications

Polymer blends of poly(lactic acid) and starch for the production of films applied in food packaging: A brief review

Polymer blends of poly(lactic acid) and starch for the production of films applied in food packaging: A brief review

Preparation of High-Toughness Lignin Phenolic Resin Biomaterials Based via Polybutylene Succinate Molecular Intercalation

Compatibilization of Poly (lactic acid)/Polycarbonate Blends using Triacetin-mediated Interchange Reactions

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