Poly(lactic acid) bio-composites containing biochar particles: Effects of fillers and plasticizer on crystallization and thermal properties

Haeldermans, Tom; Samyn, Pieter; Cardinaels, Ruth; Vandamme, Dries; Vanreppelen, Kenny; Cuypers, Ann; Schreurs, Sonja

doi:10.3144/expresspolymlett.2021.30

Cited by 20 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…The sudden decrease in onset degradation temperature at 50 wt.% of biochar addition is coinciding well with the sudden decrease in molecular weight of the sample after processing. This decrease in onset and maximum degradation temperature of composites was previously found for increasing amount of biochar fillers in PLA [30]. Based on the clear differentiation between degradation steps in Fig.…”

Section: Thermogravimetric Analysissupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Based on these results, the biochar may act as a heterogeneous nucleation agent, reducing the energy barrier for PHB nucleation and increasing the nucleation rate. This nucleation effect was already found for biochar particles in PLA composites [30], and for up to 30 % of lignin rich residues (by-product of giant reed biomass microbially treated to release cellulose) with similar dimensions as the used biochar in PHB [15]. Although biochar presumably has less available surface functional groups, the surface functionalities of both the biochar and the lignin-rich residues used in [15] are similar (C-H, C-O and C-OH groups).…”

Section: Differential Scanning Calorimetrysupporting

confidence: 72%

“…At 20 wt.% of biochar, the melting peak is relatively sharp in all composites (with and without the addition of TPS), while the melting peak even shifts towards a double melting peak in PHB/char 50/50, PHB/TPS/char 25/25/50 and to a lesser extent in PHB/char 60/40 and in PHB/TPS/char 30/30/40 in both the first and second heating cycle. This phenomenon was also observed in PLA/char composites [30], and it is hypothesized that in the composites with high amounts of biochar, many small crystals are formed in the sample during the cooling cycle due to the nucleation ability of the biochar, as often seen when micron-scale fillers are added into polymers [42]. These crystals are not able to grow to large crystals as they are obstructed by the biochar.…”

Section: Differential Scanning Calorimetrymentioning

confidence: 76%

“…The influence of the biochar on the onset degradation temperature of the PLA/TPS/char composites is very small. All PHB/TPS/char composites start their decomposition at around 240 °C (just like the PHB/TPS 50/50 sample), indicating that TPS removes the influence of biochar on the thermal stability of the composites, as was also the case in PLA/TPS/char biocomposites[30]. The decrease in onset degradation temperature (240 °C) compared to that of both the PHB (255 °C) and PHB/char samples is caused by the decomposition of TPS[39].…”

mentioning

confidence: 71%

“…Thermoplastic starch (TPS) is another promising candidate for increasing the thermal processing window of PHB as it lowers the processing temperature and possibly decreases the formation of hotspots during processing [27]. However, unlike other biopolymers like polylactic acid (PLA) [28][29][30], little is known about the interaction between PHB and TPS, especially in the presence of fillers like biochar. Biochar particles and TPS might affect release and diffusion mechanisms in PHB composites, as well as the thermal stability and therefore ultimately biodegradability of these composites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bio‐Based Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)/Thermoplastic Starch Composites as a Host Matrix for Biochar Fillers

et al. 2021

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Biochar is an excellent, but less-used candidate to serve as an alternative filler in poly(3hydroxybutyrate) (PHB)-based composites. Increasing amounts of biochar between 20 and 50 wt.% were incorporated in PHB/char and PHB/thermoplastic starch (TPS)/char composites and its effects on the microstructure, crystallization and thermal properties were investigated. PHB shows a significant reduction in molecular weight after processing and the increasing amounts of biochar decreases this even stronger. From thermogravimetric analysis, it was clear that the onset degradation temperature of the PHB/char composites (255 °C) is only slightly influenced by the biochar particles up to 40 wt.%. Contrastingly, this temperature reduces to 245 °C when 50 wt.% of biochar is added. Additional data confirm that morphology and crystallization kinetics are enhanced up to 40 wt.% of biochar, while even higher percentages of filler clearly have an opposite effect. Finally, this work reveals the ability of TPS to work as an excellent intermediator between biochar and PHB at biochar concentrations up to 20 wt.%, where degradation and resulting reduction in molecular weight remains limited as compared to that of the PHB/char sample. Furthermore, like biochar, TPS acts as a nucleation agent in the composites and removes the influence of the biochar on the thermal stability of the composites.

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Section: Thermogravimetric Analysissupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Differential Scanning Calorimetrysupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Differential Scanning Calorimetrymentioning

confidence: 76%

mentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bio‐Based Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)/Thermoplastic Starch Composites as a Host Matrix for Biochar Fillers

et al. 2021

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High performance polylactic acid/thermoplastic polyurethane blends with in‐situ fibrillated morphology

Jia

Cao

et al. 2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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As an environment‐friendly polyester, polylactic acid (PLA) shows great potential market value. While it still faces some obstacles in large‐scale practical application due to its brittleness. In this work, a novel strategy to improve the toughness of polylactic acid is developed. By adjusting processing temperature during the melt‐blending process, thermoplastic polyurethane/poly (D‐lactic) acid/poly (L‐lactic) acid (TPU/PDLA/PLLA) ternary blends with different morphology are obtained. The experimental results show that the TPU in ternary blends formed a fibrillated micro‐morphology, and the interfacial compatibility between the components is improved when the processing temperature is adjusted to 200°C. Under the synergistic action of in‐situ fibrillated TPU and stereocomplex (SC) crystals, the toughness of the ternary blends is improved significantly without sacrificing its own tensile strength. The maximum value of tensile strength, elongation at break, and fracture work of ternary blends are 61.9 MPa, 23.5%, and 1038.9 kJ/m3, respectively. In addition, the melt strength of ternary blends was significantly improved, which is a benefit to their processing application.

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Effects of carbon‐based nanoparticles on the properties of poly(lactic acid) hybrid composites containing basalt fibers and carbon‐based nanoparticles processed by injection molding

Juhász,

Pinke,

Gonda

et al. 2024

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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In this study, we developed composites with a poly(lactic acid) matrix and reinforced with basalt fiber, carbon‐based nanoparticles (carbon nanotube [CNT] and expanded graphene [GNP]), and both basalt fiber and nanoparticles (hybrid composites). The composites were produced by extrusion, and then tensile specimens were injection molded from the composites. The hybrid composites exhibited enhanced mechanical properties. The reinforcing materials increased crystallinity; this was more pronounced for hybrid composites. We experienced significant increase in the glass transition temperature, which proves the better interaction between the reinforcing and the matrix phases. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis showed that the nanoparticles increased the storage modulus both alone and in combination with basalt fibers. Furthermore, the basalt fiber‐reinforced composites and hybrids exhibited significant modulus above the glass transition temperature. Based on scanning electron microscopy images of the fracture surfaces, we concluded that adding basalt fibers during compounding resulted in better dispersion of the nanoparticles.Highlights Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) reinforced with basalt fiber has good strength properties. Graphene hybrid exhibits notable tensile modulus improvement in hybrids. Graphene and carbon nanotubes are crystalline nucleating agents for PLA. Enhanced nanoparticle distribution was discovered for hybrid composites. The glass transition temperature of PLA increases with reinforcement.

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Poly(lactic acid) bio-composites containing biochar particles: Effects of fillers and plasticizer on crystallization and thermal properties

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

Bio‐Based Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)/Thermoplastic Starch Composites as a Host Matrix for Biochar Fillers

Bio‐Based Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)/Thermoplastic Starch Composites as a Host Matrix for Biochar Fillers

High performance polylactic acid/thermoplastic polyurethane blends with in‐situ fibrillated morphology

Effects of carbon‐based nanoparticles on the properties of poly(lactic acid) hybrid composites containing basalt fibers and carbon‐based nanoparticles processed by injection molding

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