Poly(lactic acid)-based particulate systems are promising tools for immune modulation

Current and New Approaches for Mucosal Vaccine Delivery

“…Moreover, the nano-based delivery systems are also able to carry antigens and specific adjuvants such as TLR ligands simultaneously in the same carriers; carriers by themselves sometimes exert adjuvant activities. The nanoscale vaccine carrier systems generally constitute three key components: an antigen, against which adaptive immune responses are induced; an adjuvant, to potentiate the interaction between innate and adaptive immune systems in reacting to the antigen(s); and a delivery or targeting system to ensure that the antigen(s) and adjuvant(s) are delivered together to the right location at right time [9].…”

“…PLA is a linear aliphatic polyester composed of lactic acid building blocks that are naturally occurring organic acids derived from sugarcane and cornstarch [9]. PLA's physical properties can be tuned through combining racemic mixtures of these enantiomers: poly-L-lactide and poly-DL-lactide semicrystalline and amorphous polymers, respectively [26].…”

Biodegradable polymers for modern vaccine development

“…Synthetic or natural biodegradable polymer particles such as microcapsules, microspheres and nanospheres have been used as vaccine carriers and adjuvants, and function by encapsulating or through the adsorption of Ags [17]. Encapsulation within these particles can increase the stability of the Ags, and thereby deliver vaccines to APCs efficiently, to stimulate immune responses [14].…”

“…As such, PGA is rapidly degraded, lacks mechanical strength, and produces an acidic environment. PLA has been used for the preparation of microcapsules, microspheres, and nanospheres and is usually designed to achieve either controlled or pulsed release over a prolonged period [17]. PLA is another important synthetic biopolymer that exist as different isomers; poly(L-lactic acid) and poly(D-lactic acid) have been studied in the context of vaccine development [17].…”

Nanomedicine Strategies to Target Tumor-Associated Macrophages

“…Advantages of using polymers are the ability to highly tune nanoparticle properties as well as a high drug-loading capacity [120]. Poly(lactic- co -glycolic acid) (PLGA) is a biodegradable copolymer that has been approved for the delivery of therapeutics via sustained release devices and microparticle formulations [121]. Furthermore, next to a wide range of other applications, nanoparticle formulations containing PLGA as a carrier are now being investigated as a delivery mechanism to target TAM.…”