“…CHTO is utilized as anticorrosion material, however, it absorbs moisture from atmosphere, which penetrates the film easily and deteriorates its performance (Lundvall et al, 2007;Sugama & Cook, 2000). As a remedial approach to employ CHTO as an environmentally green water-based coating system for aluminum (Al) substrates, Sugama et al modified CHTO with polyacid electrolyte, poly(itaconic acid) [PI], containing two negatively charged carboxylic acid groups, with CHTO: PI ratio of 100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 50:50, 30:70, and 0:100, by weight, applied on 6061-T6 aluminum (Al) sheet by a simple dip-withdrawing method.…”