Abstract:We have developed hydrogel nanoparticles made of poly-γ-glutamic acid (PGA) and chitosan, which entraps both glucose oxidase (GOx) and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) within the hydrogel matrix. The preparation of poly-γ-glutamic acid/chitosan hydrogel nanoparticles
(PGA/CS NPs) entrapping GOx and MNPs begins with the mixing of GOx and MNPs with PGA solution followed by their dropwise addition into chitosan solution to induce rapid ionic gelation. The glucose sensing relies on the generation of H2O2 through the… Show more
“…In addition, nanoparticles with enzymatic properties can also produce various chemical reactions with H 2 O 2 . For example, Kim et al [75] used GOx and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) encapsulated in a hydrogel matrix for glucose detection, and the MNPs have peroxidase properties capable of oxidizing H 2 O 2 . The hydrogel was able to detect glucose in a wide linear range (5-100 mM) and can be used for the assessment of glucose levels in human blood.…”
Diabetes mellitus is one of the key diseases of clinical concern that can lead to a variety of serious complications and it is characterized by increased blood glucose levels. Glucose‐sensitive hydrogel is gaining attention as a smart hydrogel capable of sensing glucose molecules for diabetes and related complications. In order to better understand this hydrogel, this paper reviews its basic design principles and focuses on the therapeutic efficacy of this hydrogel in delivering insulin, drugs, and bioactives for diabetes and diabetes‐related complications. Its use as a biosensing device for glucose measurement in body fluids and dynamic monitoring of wounds is also presented, and its potential application in the treatment of diabetes and related diseases is highly summarized.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
“…In addition, nanoparticles with enzymatic properties can also produce various chemical reactions with H 2 O 2 . For example, Kim et al [75] used GOx and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) encapsulated in a hydrogel matrix for glucose detection, and the MNPs have peroxidase properties capable of oxidizing H 2 O 2 . The hydrogel was able to detect glucose in a wide linear range (5-100 mM) and can be used for the assessment of glucose levels in human blood.…”
Diabetes mellitus is one of the key diseases of clinical concern that can lead to a variety of serious complications and it is characterized by increased blood glucose levels. Glucose‐sensitive hydrogel is gaining attention as a smart hydrogel capable of sensing glucose molecules for diabetes and related complications. In order to better understand this hydrogel, this paper reviews its basic design principles and focuses on the therapeutic efficacy of this hydrogel in delivering insulin, drugs, and bioactives for diabetes and diabetes‐related complications. Its use as a biosensing device for glucose measurement in body fluids and dynamic monitoring of wounds is also presented, and its potential application in the treatment of diabetes and related diseases is highly summarized.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
“…The detection technology of glucose should provide selectivity, high sensitivity, and reliability which has been intensively studied and attracted a lot of attention in biomedical science and food industry. 81 have developed nano-biocomposites hydrogel which made of poly-glutamic acid (PGA) and chitosan, that can entraps both glucose oxidase (GOx) and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) within the hydrogel composite matrix as shown in Figure 2.Figure 2.Preparation of PGA/chitosan/GOx/MNPs hydrogel.…”
Section: Applications Of Natural Based Biopolymers and Biocomposites ...mentioning
Recently the replacing of the petrochemical origin polymers with biopolymers and biocomposites which are environmental biodegradable polymers became a growing interest. The use of gamma radiation for synthesis and produce further modification of the biopolymers and biocomposites found to be suitable for biomedical application due to none using of toxic additives. Moreover, the radiation technique is the combining of preparation and sterilization in a one technological step thus, reducing time of the production and lower the costs. The use of gamma radiation technique in biomedical application is growing rapidly in controlled drug delivery, injectable materials, wound dressing, tissue engineering, immobilized enzymes and biosensors.
“…To date, only a few reports have been published with this aim. Anusha et al [ 55 ] immobilized glucose oxidase (GOx) over ChitNPs on a gold electrode and, subsequently, Kim et al [ 56 ] developed a platform based on a poly-γ-glutamic acid/ChitNPs hydrogel, which embedded GOx and magnetic nanoparticles.…”
The regulation of nervous and cardiovascular systems and some brain-related behaviors, such as stress, panic, anxiety, and depression, are strictly dependent on the levels of the main catecholamines of clinical interest, dopamine (DA), epinephrine (EP), and norepinephrine (NEP). Therefore, there is an urgent need for a reliable sensing device able to accurately monitor them in biological fluids for early diagnosis of the diseases related to their abnormal levels. In this paper, we present the first tyrosinase (Tyr)-based biosensor based on chitosan nanoparticles (ChitNPs) for total catecholamine (CA) detection in human urine samples. ChitNPs were synthetized according to an ionic gelation process and successively characterized by SEM and EDX techniques. The screen-printed graphene electrode was prepared by a two-step drop-casting method of: (i) ChitNPS; and (ii) Tyr enzyme. Optimization of the electrochemical platform was performed in terms of the loading method of Tyr on ChitNPs (nanoprecipitation and layer-by-layer), enzyme concentration, and enzyme immobilization with and without 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) as cross-linking agents. The Tyr/EDC-NHS/ChitNPs nanocomposite showed good conductivity and biocompatibility with Tyr enzyme, as evidenced by its high biocatalytic activity toward the oxidation of DA, EP, and NEP to the relative o-quinone derivatives electrochemically reduced at the modified electrode. The resulting Tyr/EDC-NHS/ChitNPs-based biosensor performs interference-free total catecholamine detection, expressed as a DA concentration, with a very low LOD of 0.17 μM, an excellent sensitivity of 0.583 μA μM−1 cm−2, good stability, and a fast response time (3 s). The performance of the biosensor was successively assessed in human urine samples, showing satisfactory results and, thus, demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed biosensor for analyzing total CA in physiological samples.
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