Abstract:The regulation of nervous and cardiovascular systems and some brain-related behaviors, such as stress, panic, anxiety, and depression, are strictly dependent on the levels of the main catecholamines of clinical interest, dopamine (DA), epinephrine (EP), and norepinephrine (NEP). Therefore, there is an urgent need for a reliable sensing device able to accurately monitor them in biological fluids for early diagnosis of the diseases related to their abnormal levels. In this paper, we present the first tyrosinase … Show more
“…Another study involved the use of a tyrosinase biosensor based on chitosan nanoparticles for catecholamine detection. A detection limit of 0.17µM, with an excellent sensitivity of 0.583 µA µM −1 cm −2 was reported in [160].…”
Section: Biosensors With Bio-coatings and Applications In The Health ...mentioning
Biosensors use biological materials, such as enzymes, antibodies, or DNA, to detect specific analytes. These devices have numerous applications in the health and food industries, such as disease diagnosis, food safety monitoring, and environmental monitoring. However, the production of biosensors can result in the generation of chemical waste, which is an environmental concern for the developed world. To address this issue, researchers have been exploring eco-friendly alternatives for immobilising biomolecules on biosensors. One solution uses bio-coatings derived from nanoparticles synthesised via green chemistry and biopolymers. These materials offer several advantages over traditional chemical coatings, such as improved sensitivity, stability, and biocompatibility. In conclusion, the use of bio-coatings derived from green-chemistry synthesised nanoparticles and biopolymers is a promising solution to the problem of chemical waste generated from the production of biosensors. This review provides an overview of these materials and their applications in the health and food industries, highlighting their potential to improve the performance and sustainability of biosensors.
“…Another study involved the use of a tyrosinase biosensor based on chitosan nanoparticles for catecholamine detection. A detection limit of 0.17µM, with an excellent sensitivity of 0.583 µA µM −1 cm −2 was reported in [160].…”
Section: Biosensors With Bio-coatings and Applications In The Health ...mentioning
Biosensors use biological materials, such as enzymes, antibodies, or DNA, to detect specific analytes. These devices have numerous applications in the health and food industries, such as disease diagnosis, food safety monitoring, and environmental monitoring. However, the production of biosensors can result in the generation of chemical waste, which is an environmental concern for the developed world. To address this issue, researchers have been exploring eco-friendly alternatives for immobilising biomolecules on biosensors. One solution uses bio-coatings derived from nanoparticles synthesised via green chemistry and biopolymers. These materials offer several advantages over traditional chemical coatings, such as improved sensitivity, stability, and biocompatibility. In conclusion, the use of bio-coatings derived from green-chemistry synthesised nanoparticles and biopolymers is a promising solution to the problem of chemical waste generated from the production of biosensors. This review provides an overview of these materials and their applications in the health and food industries, highlighting their potential to improve the performance and sustainability of biosensors.
“…33 Other immobilization methods involve covalent bonding using common cross-linking agents such as glutaraldehyde or carbodiimide via cross linking chemistry using N-ethyl-n'-(3-dimethylamino)propyl)carbodiimide/N-hydroxysuccinimide (EDC/NHS) activation, providing strong binding and increased stability for the enzyme. 75 However, these coupling agents can be toxic, inactivating the enzyme and decreasing its activity. This can be challenging to overcome, particularly when these materials are immobilized on microelectrodes with very limited surface area and binding sites.…”
Section: Principle and Operation Of Catalytic Biosensors For Dopamine...mentioning
The effect of an Al2TiO5 (ALT) interlayer between Ni and YSZ on enhancing the thermal stability of Ni-YSZ solid oxide fuel cell was examined. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) was used to provide precise control of the structure and thickness of the ALT interlayer. The study’s findings demonstrate that a 2 nm thick ALT interlayer deposited by ALD does not adversely affect the cell’s ohmic resistance and effectively prevents Ni sintering and the loss of active area during high-temperature heat treatments. ALT layers thicker than 2 nm, although they enhanced Ni stability, were found to impede oxygen ion transport in the electrode and significantly increase the ohmic resistance of the cell, leading to a decline in performance.
“…During these electron transfer reactions, the amperometry technique measures the produced or removed electrons directly, and it is normally plotted as stair-like stepwise graph shapes. For instance, the electrochemical Tyr-based biosensor is prepared on a chitosan NPs (ChitNPs)-modified carbon electrode to detect catecholamines composed of catechol and amine side chains [ 56 ]. Here, in the presence of oxygen, Tyr catalyzes the oxidization of catecholamine, and the oxidized catecholamine is recovered to its original state by reduction.…”
Section: Components Of Enzymatic Biosensorsmentioning
The detection of small molecules has attracted enormous interest in various fields, including the chemical, biological, and healthcare fields. In order to achieve such detection with high accuracy, up to now, various types of biosensors have been developed. Among those biosensors, enzymatic biosensors have shown excellent sensing performances via their highly specific enzymatic reactions with small chemical molecules. As techniques used to implement the sensing function of such enzymatic biosensors, electrochemical and fluorescence techniques have been mostly used for the detection of small molecules because of their advantages. In addition, through the incorporation of nanotechnologies, the detection property of each technique-based enzymatic nanobiosensors can be improved to measure harmful or important small molecules accurately. This review provides interdisciplinary information related to developing enzymatic nanobiosensors for small molecule detection, such as widely used enzymes, target small molecules, and electrochemical/fluorescence techniques. We expect that this review will provide a broad perspective and well-organized roadmap to develop novel electrochemical and fluorescent enzymatic nanobiosensors.
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