Poly(Ether Amide)-Derived, Nitrogen Self-Doped, and Interfused Carbon Nanofibers as Free-Standing Supercapacitor Electrode Materials

Abstract

For free-standing and self-doped electrode materials of energy storage devices, in this study, we investigate the microstructures and electrochemical properties of aromatic poly(ether amide) (PEA)-derived carbon nanofibers (CNFs), which are manufactured by electrospinning mixed solutions of PEA and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) at three different compositions and carbonization of the as-spun nanofibers at 1000 °C. The scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and elemental analyses reveal that PEA-derived CNFs have a unique interfused network structure with nitrogen self-doped and quasi-ordered graphitic features. Accordingly, a high apparent electrical conductivity of 3.72−7.79 S/cm is attained for the CNFs. The cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge−discharge measurements confirm that PEA-derived CNFs have excellent electrochemical properties in terms of a specific capacitance of ∼249.0 F/g at 1.0 A/g, power density of 10,000−1,000 W/kg, energy density of 30.1−69.1 Wh/kg, capacitance retention of ∼79%, and Coulombic efficiency of ∼92% after 3000 cycle tests. These results indicate that PEA-derived CNFs can be used as highly stable, self-supporting, and doping-free electrode materials for high-performance energy storage devices.

Hybrid Carbon Nanofibers Derived from MXene Nanosheets and Aromatic Poly(ether amide) for Self‐Standing Electrochemical Energy Storage Materials

“…In the GCD curves of the symmetric supercapacitor, the C sp values were evaluated as 66.7–179.3 F g −1 (Figure 9C). In addition, the gravimetric power density ( P , W kg −1 ) and energy density ( E , Wh kg −1 ) of the symmetric capacitor based on HCNF7 electrodes could be calculated using the following equations: [ 22,61 ] $$\begin{equation} P = \frac{{I \cdot \Delta V}}{m},\quad E = \frac{{P \cdot t}}{{3600}} \end{equation}$$…”

“…[13][14][15] Among them, CNFs have many advantages due to their simple fabrication method and facile application as self-standing electrodes for energy storage devices without additional polymeric binders and/or metallic current collectors. In general, CNFs with one-dimensional morphology and tunable size can be fabricated into two-dimensional porous webs in large quantities through simple and versatile electrospinning and carbonization process of polymeric precursors including polyacrylonitrile (PAN), [16][17][18] polyimide, [19][20][21] poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), aromatic polyamide, [22] etc. However, the energy density of neat CNFs derived from polymeric precursors needs to be further improved for practical applications as energy storage electrodes.…”

Versatile One-Pot Construction Strategy for the Preparation of Porous Organic Polymers via Domino Polymerization

“…CM-POP-P exhibits a similar performance to the other nitrogen-doped carbon supercapacitors that need activation (Table S13). − …”

Hierarchical Fe2O3/Na2WO4 Nanofibers Supported on Conductive Carbon Cloth as a High-Performance Supercapacitor

“…Besides, in aqueous electrolytes, the working voltage of aqueous electrolytes improves with increasing overpotential . In recent years, high-performance electrode materials have been extensively studied to increase the energy density in supercapacitors . In most of the flexible electrodes, pseudocapacitive transition-metal oxides and conducting polymers with fast faradaic reactions render much higher specific capacitance and energy density than those solely based on electric double-layer capacitive (EDLC) carbon-based materials. , Therefore, several types of research focused on the growth and development of metal oxides as a great impetus in different morphology to decorating the surface of carbon-based materials to improve the electrochemical performances of supercapacitors, ,,, while the improvement on the specific capacitance of single-component metal oxides remains challenging .…”

“…12 In recent years, high-performance electrode materials have been extensively studied to increase the energy density in supercapacitors. 13 In most of the flexible electrodes, pseudocapacitive transitionmetal oxides and conducting polymers with fast faradaic reactions render much higher specific capacitance and energy density than those solely based on electric double-layer capacitive (EDLC) carbon-based materials. 4,14 materials to improve the electrochemical performances of supercapacitors, 4,9,10,15 while the improvement on the specific capacitance of single-component metal oxides remains challenging.…”