Poly-dispersed Acid-Functionalized Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (AF-SWCNTs) Are Potent Inhibitor of BCG Induced Inflammatory Response in Macrophages

Abstract

Present study is focussed on the modulation of Mycobacterium bovis BCG induced inflammatory response by poly-dispersed acid-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (AF-SWCNTs) in macrophages.Flow cytometric and confocal microscopy studies indicated that both BCG and AF-SWCNTs were efficiently internalized by RAW 264.7 and MH-S macrophage cell lines and were essentially localized in the cytoplasmic area. The results indicated strong antioxidant activity of AF-SWCNTs in mitigating BCG induced oxidative and nitrosative stress. We also found a marked decline in expression of BCG induced pro-inflammatory genes like COX-2, iNOS, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β on treatment with AF-SWCNTs at transcriptional level. Decline in expression of BCG induced COX-2 by AF-SWCNTs was also confirmed at protein level using Western blotting. Anti-inflammatory activity of AF-SWCNTs was further validated by our results showing that AF-SWCNTs treatment induced a precipitous decline in BCG induced release of Matrix Metalloproteinases MMP-2 and MMP-9 by macrophage cell lines, by using Gelatin zymography.Taken together, our results demonstrate potent anti-inflammatory role of AF-SWCNTs in alleviating BCG induced inflammation.

Carboxyl nanodiamonds inhibit melanoma tumor metastases by blocking cellular motility and invasiveness

“…We have recently shown that Bacillus Calmette–Guerin (BCG) induced strong inflammatory responses in murine macrophage cell lines RAW264.7 and MHS by up-regulating parameters like production of ROS and nitric oxide and the up-regulation of inflammatory genes like IL1α, IL6, TNFα, iNOS, and Cox-2. Treatment with CNPs like CNTs and the NDs strongly suppressed all these inflammatory responses to BCG treatment ( 27 , 49 ). It is thus possible that the anti-inflammatory properties of cNDs may also contribute to its overall suppression of the metastatic process.…”

“…The levels of MMPs MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the culture supernatant of B16F10 cells were analyzed by gelatin zymography as described elsewhere ( 27 , 34 , 35 ). Briefly, cells (0.5 × 10 6 /ml/well) were cultured in a six-well culture plate in 1 ml complete medium.…”

Extrapolating neurogenesis of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells on electroactive and electroconductive scaffolds to dental and oral-derived stem cells

“…Because the unique structure of carbon nanotubes allow encapsulation of other molecules, this has also prompted much interest in their use for drug delivery, in tandem with their application as tissue engineering scaffolds. Additionally, carbon nanotubes have also demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties, 65 thus conferring additional advantages to their utility as tissue engineering scaffold materials. In the study of Bhardwaj and Saxena, 65 it was reported that poly-dispersed acid-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (AF-SWCNTs) were more readily internalized by activated T and B cells as compared to control resting cells, which suggests that AF-SWCNTs are naturally targeted to activated lymphocytes.…”

“…Additionally, carbon nanotubes have also demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties, 65 thus conferring additional advantages to their utility as tissue engineering scaffold materials. In the study of Bhardwaj and Saxena, 65 it was reported that poly-dispersed acid-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (AF-SWCNTs) were more readily internalized by activated T and B cells as compared to control resting cells, which suggests that AF-SWCNTs are naturally targeted to activated lymphocytes. Upon internalization, the AF-SWCNTs suppress T and B cell functions.…”