Extrapolating neurogenesis of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells on electroactive and electroconductive scaffolds to dental and oral-derived stem cells

Abstract

The high neurogenic potential of dental and oral-derived stem cells due to their embryonic neural crest origin, coupled with their ready accessibility and easy isolation from clinical waste, make these ideal cell sources for neuroregeneration therapy. Nevertheless, these cells also have high propensity to differentiate into the osteo-odontogenic lineage. One strategy to enhance neurogenesis of these cells may be to recapitulate the natural physiological electrical microenvironment of neural tissues via electroactive or electroconductive tissue engineering scaffolds. Nevertheless, to date, there had been hardly any such studies on these cells. Most relevant scientific information comes from neurogenesis of other mesenchymal stem/stromal cell lineages (particularly bone marrow and adipose tissue) cultured on electroactive and electroconductive scaffolds, which will therefore be the focus of this review. Although there are larger number of similar studies on neural cell lines (i.e. PC12), neural stem/progenitor cells, and pluripotent stem cells, the scientific data from such studies are much less relevant and less translatable to dental and oral-derived stem cells, which are of the mesenchymal lineage. Much extrapolation work is needed to validate that electroactive and electroconductive scaffolds can indeed promote neurogenesis of dental and oral-derived stem cells, which would thus facilitate clinical applications in neuroregeneration therapy.

Advances in antimicrobial hydrogels for dental tissue engineering: regenerative strategies for endodontics and periodontics

“…This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2023 conductive characteristics, carbon-based materials might enhance neuroregeneration besides their antimicrobial action. 150 It would support the entire tissue repair during dental pulp regeneration since neuroregeneration is a slow process and often hard to achieve. Nonetheless, it is worth noting that the critical properties of graphene-derived materials (e.g., biocompatibility, biodegradability, antimicrobial activity, and drug loading capability) could remarkably change depending on their size, shape, modifications, structural defects, purity, and dosage.…”

“…In addition, even though further research is still needed, owing to their intrinsic electroconductive characteristics, carbon-based materials might enhance neuroregeneration besides their antimicrobial action. 150 It would support the entire tissue repair during dental pulp regeneration since neuroregeneration is a slow process and often hard to achieve. Nonetheless, it is worth noting that the critical properties of graphene-derived materials ( e.g.…”

The microRNAs (miRs) overexpressing mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) therapy in neurological disorders; hope or hype

“…Several soluble factors, including neurotrophins, growth factors, and cytokines, are produced by MSCs. In vitro and in vivo research indicates that these factors can enhance cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation 89 . Nerve growth factor (NGF), brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), neurotrophin‐3 (NT‐3), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) 90,91 .…”

Photoactive Nanomaterials for Wireless Neural Biomimetics, Stimulation, and Regeneration

“…Zhang et al found electrical stimuli can trigger voltage-gated Ca 2+ , Na + , K + , and Cl – channels open, which resulted in enhanced osteogenesis of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. The opening of voltage-gated channels induced by surface electrical stimulation plays a key role in ion influx into the cytoplasm and neural differentiation. , Photothermal nanomaterials can generate local heat to activate thermally sensitive proteins such as transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channel, and trigger membrane potential related activity. TRPV1 is an important temperature-sensitive receptor in central nervous system response to neuronal excitability and inflammation, synaptic plasticity, and cell survival.…”