Poly(4‐vinylphenol)/tetra‐n‐butylammonium iodide: Efficient organocatalytic system for synthesis of cyclic carbonates from CO₂ and epoxides

Abstract

An efficient polymer-based catalytic system of poly(4-vinylphenol) and tetra-n-butylammonium iodide was developed for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates from epoxides and CO 2 . Owing to the synergistic effects of hydroxyl groups and iodide anions, this commercially available and metal-free system was highly active for the reaction of various terminal epoxides under environmentally benign conditions, at 25 to 60 8C and atmospheric pressure of CO 2 , without the use of any organic solvents. The catalyst system can be easily separated by adding ether, and its ability was recovered by treating it with 40% CH 3 CO 2 H aq. The recyclability was investigated in detail for three substrates, epichlorohydrin, 1,2-epoxyhexane, and styrene oxide, using 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance analysis.

Hydroboration of Hollow Microporous Organic Polymers: A Promising Postsynthetic Modification Method for Functional Materials

“…The catalytic performance of H-MOP-BA was superior to those of heterogeneous organocatalytic systems working at ambient temperature in the literature (Table S2 in the SI). − The heterogeneous organocatalysts in the literature showed CO 2 conversion with epichlorohydrin to cyclic carbonates at 40–60 °C with TONs of 26–61 and TOFs of 0.45–5 h –1 . − Under similar reaction conditions, H-MOP-BA in this work showed CO 2 conversion with epichlorohydrin to cyclic carbonates at 50 °C with a TON of 196 and a TOF of 11 h –1 . In our control tests, H-MOP-BA showed enhanced catalytic performance, compared with the corresponding nonhollow MOP-BA catalyst (Figures S6–S7 in the SI).…”

Ionic Liquid Functionalized Chitosan Catalyst with Optimized Hydrophilic/Hydrophobic Structural Balance for Efficient CO2 Fixation

“…Use of internal epoxide like cyclohexene oxide hardly shows any conversion because of steric hindrance provided by the substituents around the epoxide ring. (Table 3, entry 14) [42] …”

Synthesis of porous poly(ionic liquid)s for chemical CO2fixation with epoxides

“…[156][157][158] A great number of porous PILs have been synthesized through the post-treatment of a porous polymeric matrix and applied in CO 2 cycloaddition. Both covalent [159][160][161] and noncovalent (van der Waals force, π-stacking, hydrogen bonding or Coulomb interactions) [162][163][164][165] connections between the ionic centers and polymeric backbone were involved in the post-synthesis of porous PILs. The disadvantage of noncovalent linkages is the high risk of the detachment of the ionic moieties from the support during the catalytic process.…”

“…The disadvantage of noncovalent linkages is the high risk of the detachment of the ionic moieties from the support during the catalytic process. [159][160][161] Most of the postsynthesized porous PILs for CO 2 cycloaddition were prepared by covalent linkages to overcome the above shortcoming. There are mainly two covalent strategies.…”