Pollutants formation during single particle combustion of biomass under fluidized bed conditions: An experimental study

Naydenova, Iliyana; Sandov, Ognyan; Wesenauer, Florian; Laminger, Thomas; Winter, Franz

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2020.117958

Cited by 27 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The total mass of the submicron PM, derived from the sum of the PM mass, obtained from filters 5 and 8 (PM 0.3 , PM 0.4 , PM 0.65 , and PM 1 ), in O 2 /N 2 was as follows: 84.56 wt % (rapeseed); 94.24 wt % (sunflower husk); 78.95 wt % (softwood), whereas in O 2 /N 2 /CO 2 it was: 91.53 wt % (rapeseed); 79.16 wt % (sunflower husk); 57.00 wt % (softwood). Similar results were reported in previous studies [38,46]. Gao and Wu obtained in situ volatiles during fast pyrolysis of wood at 800-1000 • C and combusted them in a DTF at 1300 • C. The authors investigated the contribution of volatiles to the emissions of submicron particulates (PM 1 ).…”

Section: Solid Particlessupporting

confidence: 81%

“…In the present work, three types of biomass residue (in the form of pellets), freely available on the Bulgarian energy market, were investigated: rapeseeds (RP), softwood (SW), and sunflower husks (SFH). Their chemical characteristics are presented elsewhere [38], but a summary is given in Table 1. Prior to the experiment, the biomass was crushed and sieved (using a mechanical sieve shaker with 250 µm sieve mesh) to sizes between 200 and 250 µm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the main part of Na, K, and Cl (43.5-97.2%) was volatilized and the sequential combustion of Na-, K-, and Cl-containing volatiles conduced greatly to PM 1 (77.4-89.3% of total PM 1 sampled during the combustion of volatiles and char). Naydenova et al [38] observed that PM emission is highly influenced by the presence of both volatile matter and ash compounds. Submicron size PM (between 0.1 and 2.5 µm, with maximum concentration for the particulates of size around 0.25 µm) showing unimodal size distribution, were the prevailing portion in the combustion of five different biomass types in a bubbling fluidized bed reactor (700-900 • C).…”

Section: Solid Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Size-Segregated Particulate Matter from Gasification of Bulgarian Agro-Forest Biomass Residue

et al. 2021

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The main purpose of the present work was to evaluate the efficiency of the gasification process of three different types of agro-forest biomass residue (rapeseed, softwood, and sunflower husks) along with the characterization of size-segregated particulates’ emissions. The experiments were carried out in a drop tube furnace (DTF), using two different gasifying agents (O2/N2 and O2/N2/CO2) at atmospheric pressure and a constant temperature of 1000 °C. In focus was the effect of biomass and the gasifying agent on syngas composition (CO, H2, CH4, and CO2), cold gas and carbon conversion efficiency, and on the emissions of by-products, such as particulate matter (PM), known for having negative environmental and health impacts. The collected particulates were characterized by SEM/EDS and XPS analysis. The results reveal that: (i) the introduction of CO2 increased the production of CO and CH4 and syngas’ lower heating value (LHV), thus leading to higher cold gas and carbon conversion efficiency; (ii) CO2 decreased the production of H2, leading to lower H2/CO ratio (between 0.25 and 0.9). Therefore, the generated syngas is suitable for the synthesis of higher hydrocarbons, (iii) CO2 lowered the emissions of char (cyclone) particles but increased the overall PM10–0.3. Submicron size PM was the dominant fraction (PM1–0.3) in O2/N2 and (PM1.6–0.3) in O2/N2/CO2. Unimodal PM size distribution was observed, except for sunflower husks gasification in O2/N2/CO2; (iv) the SEM/EDS and XPS analysis confirmed that submicron-sized PM1–0.3 contain above 80% of carbon associated to soot, due to incomplete oxidation, whereas in cyclone (char) particles, carbon decreased to about 50%. The SEM/EDS results showed that K and Cl are typical constituents of the submicron size PM, whereas the alkaline earth metals were detected mainly in fine and coarse particulates. Detailed analysis of the XPS (C1s) spectra showed that the most common oxygen-containing groups on the PM1 surface were carbonyl and carboxyl.

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Section: Solid Particlessupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Solid Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Size-Segregated Particulate Matter from Gasification of Bulgarian Agro-Forest Biomass Residue

et al. 2021

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“…Specifically, the PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 emission factors of bituminous coal are 2.55–4.08, 2.68–3.99, and 2.74–4.23 times those of anthracite, and the emission factors of lignite are 1.27–2.60, 1.38–2.42, and 1.67–2.54 times those of anthracite, respectively. Naydenova et al 29 and Wang et al 22 explored the characteristics of generated particulate matter from the combustion of different fuels through a laboratory-scale fluidized bed and reported that the particulate matter emission was highly affected by the volatile content of coal. The higher the content of volatile matter, the higher the expansion rate of coke particles, and thus the more easily the coke particles break to generate more particulate matter.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emission Characterization of Particulate Matters from the Combustion of Pulverized Coals in a Simulated Fluidized Bed Boiler

et al. 2022

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Coal-fired power generation is one of the main causes of air pollution, and the fluidized bed technology is currently a commercially used coal-fired technology. Therefore, it is of great significance to investigate the characteristics of particulate matter released from the fluidized bed boiler. In this study, lignite, bituminous coal and anthracite with particle sizes of <75 μm and 180–830 μm were selected and burned completely at 700, 800, and 900 °C for the purpose of simulating the process of pulverized coal combustion in a small sized simulated fluidized bed boiler and exploring the effects of coal rank, particle size, and burning temperature on the characteristics of the released particulate matter. The results show that, under the same mass, bituminous coal combustion releases the most PM1, PM2.5, and PM10, followed by lignite and anthracite. For all combusted coals the released PM1 accounts for half and one-third of the PM2.5 and PM10, respectively, and the released PM2.5 accounts for half of the PM10. A smaller particle size of pulverized coal and a higher burning temperature correspond to the release of more submicron to micron particulate matter. The mass concentration of released particulate matter for lignite and bituminous coal shows a bimodal distribution, with the two peak values in the ranges of 0.1–0.18 and 3.2–10 μm, respectively. As the burning temperature increases and the particle size of pulverized coal decreases, the first peak value falls and the second peak shifts to a small particle size range. This study can serve as reference for diminishing the emission of submicron to micron particulate matter by coal-fired power plants and preventing air pollution.

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“…Furthermore, black carbon (BC) emissions (a component of PM 2.5 ) can evolve during small-scale solid fuel combustion, causing climate warming [8]. By 2020, residential wood burning in Europe will become the dominant source of PM 2.5 [9]. When using coal for residential heating, additional emissions are produced, such as sulfur and other toxic contaminants found in some types of coal [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Solid Fuel Residential Boilers Exchange on Particulate Matter Air Pollution

Koval

Vytisk²,

Růžičková

et al. 2021

Applied Sciences

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Combustion processes, including the use of solid fuels for residential heating, are a widespread custom for many households. Residential heating is a significant source of ambient air pollution, yet it varies greatly by geography, meteorologic conditions, the prevalence of the type of solid fuel and the technologies used. This study evaluates whether residential heating affects the air quality through modelling three given scenarios of solid fuel boiler exchange at selected locations and comparing the results with measured data. The findings of this study suggest that according to the modelled data, the main air pollution contributor is residential heating since Dolni Lhota (daily average of PM10 = 44.13 μg·m−3) and Kravare (daily average of PM10 = 43.98 μg·m−3) are locations with no industry in contrast to heavily industrial Vratimov (daily average of PM10 = 34.38 μg·m−3), which were modelled for the heating season situation. Nevertheless, actual measurements of PM10 during the same period suggest that the average levels of air pollution were significantly higher than the modelled values for Dolni Lhota by 64% and for Kravare by 51%. Thus, it was assumed that PM long-range or/and transboundary transports were involved.

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Pollutants formation during single particle combustion of biomass under fluidized bed conditions: An experimental study

Cited by 27 publications

References 35 publications

Size-Segregated Particulate Matter from Gasification of Bulgarian Agro-Forest Biomass Residue

Size-Segregated Particulate Matter from Gasification of Bulgarian Agro-Forest Biomass Residue

Emission Characterization of Particulate Matters from the Combustion of Pulverized Coals in a Simulated Fluidized Bed Boiler

The Impact of Solid Fuel Residential Boilers Exchange on Particulate Matter Air Pollution

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