Pollinator dependence but no pollen limitation for eight plants occurring north of the Arctic Circle

Koch, Viviane; Zoller, Leana; Bennett, Joanne M.; Knight, Tiffany M.

doi:10.1002/ece3.6884

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…However, this reduction in natural seed could not be explained by changes in legitimate visitation rates by bees, since these were similar between mid-and high-elevations: There was no significant correlation between the average seed set per site and the observed bee visitation rates (Figure 7a). Therefore, it seems unlikely that the population of C. alpinum is primarily pollinator-limited at its high-elevation range edge, an outcome in line with several other studies that investigated pollination and floral reproduction of different plant species at environmentally harsh (high-elevation or high-latitude) range edges (Bingham & Orthner, 1998;Hargreaves et al, 2015;Koch et al, 2020). Interestingly, the only marked difference to the mid-elevations with respect to insect visitation is the clear increase in nectar robbing by bumble bees and nectar theft by ants.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Nectar robbing rather than pollinator availability constrains reproduction of a bee‐flowered plant at high elevations

Kohl

Steffan‐Dewenter

2022

Ecosphere

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Abiotic factors are generally assumed to determine whether species can exist at the extreme ends of environmental gradients, for example, at high elevations, whereas the role of biotic interactions is less clear. On temperate mountains, insect‐pollinated plant species with bilaterally symmetrical flowers exhibit a parallel elevational decline in species richness and abundance with bees. This suggests that the lack of mutualistic interaction partners sets the elevational range limits of plants via a reduction in reproductive success. We used the bee‐pollinated mountain plant Clinopodium alpinum (Lamiaceae), which blooms along a continuous 1000‐m elevational gradient and has bilaterally symmetrical flowers, as a model to test the predicted parallel elevational decline in flower visitation and seed production. Although the community of flower visitors changed with elevation, the flower visitation rate by the most frequent visitors, bumble bees (33.8% of legitimate visits), and the overall rate of flower visitation by potential pollinators did not vary significantly with elevation. However, we discovered that nectar robbing by bumble bees and nectar theft by ants, two interactions with potentially negative effects on flowers, sharply increased with elevation. Seed set depended on pollinators across elevations and followed a weak hump‐shaped pattern, peaking at mid‐elevations and decreasing by about 20% toward both elevational range edges. Considering the mid‐ and high elevations, elevational variation in seed production could not be explained by legitimate bee visitation rates but was inversely correlated with the frequency of nectar robbing. Our observations challenge the hypothesis that a decrease in the availability of pollinators limits seed production of bee‐flowered plants at high elevations but suggest that an increase in negative interactions (nectar robbing and larceny) constrains reproductive success.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Nectar robbing rather than pollinator availability constrains reproduction of a bee‐flowered plant at high elevations

Kohl

Steffan‐Dewenter

2022

Ecosphere

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“…While arctic plant–pollinator ecological relationships are studied to some extent (see Carlson et al, 2008 ; Cirtwill et al, 2018 ; Kevan, 1972 ; Koch et al, 2020 ; Lundgren & Olesen, 2005 ; Molau, 1993 ; Robinson et al, 2018 ; Tiusanen et al, 2016 ; Urbanowicz et al, 2018 ), the selective pressures and evolutionary processes have been largely overlooked. The lack of attention is possibly attributed to the arctic (and alpine) angiosperm flora typically being considered depauperate in terms of investment in animal pollination; the flora being composed of wind‐pollinated, apomictic, and self‐fertilizing plants, with pollinators often presumed to be of trivial importance to plant reproduction (Billings, 1974 ; Billings & Mooney, 1968 ; Bliss, 1962 ; Johnson, 1969 ; Lloyd, 1980 ; Löve, 1959 ; Mosquin, 1966 ; Richards, 1997 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Flowers of arctic species have even been suggested to be vestigial organs; remnants of the evolutionary past, inherited from ancestors to the south (Löve, 1959 ; Mosquin, 1966 ). Contrary to these assertions, pollinators have been shown to be necessary for seed production in numerous arctic and subarctic alpine plant species, and many tundra plants have mixed mating systems with intermediate levels of outcrossing (see review in Goodwillie et al, 2005 ; Koch et al, 2020 ; Urbanowicz et al, 2018 ) and with some arctic taxa possessing self‐incompatible systems (Bingham, 1999 ; Fulkerson et al, 2012 ; Grundt et al, 2005 ; Kevan, 1972 ; Tikhmenev, 1985 ). Furthermore, the non‐graminoid arctic vascular flora as a whole contains a relatively high percentage of anthocyanin‐pigmented taxa with many capable of producing nectar and scent (Jaakola & Hohtola, 2010 ; Whittall & Carlson, 2009 ), which is suggestive of pollinator‐mediated selection contributing to the maintenance of those traits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Phenotypic selection on floral traits in the arctic plantParrya nudicaulis(Brassicaceae)

Carlson

Fulkerson

2022

Ecology and Evolution

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The evolution of floral traits is often attributed to pollinator‐mediated selection; however, the importance of pollinators as selective agents in arctic environments is poorly resolved. In arctic and subarctic regions that are thought to be pollen limited, selection is expected to either favor floral traits that increase pollinator attraction or promote reproductive assurance through selfing. We quantified phenotypic selection on floral traits in two arctic and two subarctic populations of the self‐compatible, but largely pollinator‐dependent, Parrya nudicaulis . Additionally, we measured selection in plants in both open pollination and pollen augmentation treatments to estimate selection imposed by pollinators in one population. Seed production was found to be limited by pollen availability and strong directional selection on flower number was observed. We did not detect consistently greater magnitudes of selection on floral traits in the arctic relative to the subarctic populations. Directional selection for more pigmented flowers in one arctic population was observed, however. In some populations, selection on flower color was found to interact with other traits. We did not detect consistently stronger selection gradients across all traits for plants exposed to pollinator selection relative to those in the pollen augmentation treatment; however, directional selection tended to be higher for some floral traits in open‐pollinated plants.

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“…The theory on the issue of searching and expanding opportunities for Russian arctic regions is presented in the works of the following authors: a multi-criteria approach to land-use planning in northern Quebec (Grandmont et al 2012), thaw settlement in soils of the Arctic Coastal Plain (Pullman et al 2007), comparative estimates of Kamchatka territory development in the context of northern territories of foreign countries (Shelomentsev et al 2014), comparative analysis of regional development of Northern Territories ( Shelomentsev et al 2015), development of the Arctic regions of the Russian Federation (Voronina 2020), development problems of the Arctic Circle (Koch et al 2020), climate change (Czerniawska and Chlachula 2020), effects of experimental warming in the Arctic (Davenport et al 2020), etc. Thus, despite the extensive coverage of Arctic development issues, as the "windows of opportunity" in achieving the goals of sustainable development of the Arctic zone, we believe it is necessary to supplement the existing areas of research by studying technological and human resources using the emerging technological windows of opportunities in the change of technological orders for the Arctic regions. This provision predetermined the choice of the topic of the study, the tools used and the structure of the article.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technological Windows of Opportunity for Russian Arctic Regions: Modeling and Exploitation Prospects

Samarina

Skufina

Savon

et al. 2021

JRFM

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The problems of exploitation of technological windows of opportunity are of particular scientific and practical interest in terms of the development of Russia’s national economy, and the Arctic region, which has a strong mineral and raw materials potential, is important in terms of its use for achieving the technological and national security of the Russian state. Considering this, the study of the theoretical and methodical aspects of the development of emerging technological windows of opportunity is important and relevant for the regions of the Russian Arctic zone. The purpose of this study is to assess the potential and reserves for exploitation of the emerging technological windows of opportunity during the deployment of a new technological order by mobilizing material and human capital in the Arctic regions. Methodological tools for the study of this problem included dynamic series analysis, structural analysis, comparison, description, descriptive statistics, cross-correlation analysis, production function model and its visualization. An analytical review of scientific publications, a set of tools and methods of research, allowed to obtain the following scientific results: A significant variability in the contribution of science-intensive and high-tech industry to the formation of gross value added in the Arctic region has been revealed; meanwhile, we can note stable dynamics of the contribution of the Arctic economy to the gross domestic product (GRP) of Russia as a whole. There is a steady excess of the productivity index over the Russian average, which can be regarded as a potential for growth of high-tech components of labor in the development of the economy of the Arctic region. There is a negative statistically significant relationship between the share of the gross regional product of the Arctic in the Russian GRP and the share of gross value added (GVA) of science-intensive products in the Arctic GRP, which can be regarded as a factor preventing the exploitation of the emerging technological windows of opportunity. The construction of a model of production function of technological windows of opportunities for the Arctic zone of Russia pointed to the presence of potential in the exploitation of emerging technological windows in the Arctic zone of Russia in the development of human capital through the activation and use of high labor productivity, creating high-performance jobs. The results of the study, its findings and its proposals can be used in the development, monitoring and implementation of state federal and regional programs and projects aimed at improving the level of technology and science intensity of production in the Arctic zone, improving its competitiveness, which is highly important for the national economy.

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Pollinator dependence but no pollen limitation for eight plants occurring north of the Arctic Circle

Abstract: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Cited by 16 publications

References 57 publications

Nectar robbing rather than pollinator availability constrains reproduction of a bee‐flowered plant at high elevations

Nectar robbing rather than pollinator availability constrains reproduction of a bee‐flowered plant at high elevations

Phenotypic selection on floral traits in the arctic plantParrya nudicaulis(Brassicaceae)

Technological Windows of Opportunity for Russian Arctic Regions: Modeling and Exploitation Prospects

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