Pollination on the Dark Side: Acoustic Monitoring Reveals Impacts of a Total Solar Eclipse on Flight Behavior and Activity Schedule of Foraging Bees

Galen, Candace; Miller, Zachary; Lynn, Austin M.; Axe, Michael J.; Holden, Samuel; Storks, Levi; Ramirez, Eddie; Asante, Emilia; Heise, David R.; Kephart, Susan R.; Kephart, Jim

doi:10.1093/aesa/say035

Cited by 15 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…If the bioacoustic signal produced by insects follows a consistent species-specific pattern, it can be extracted from background noise for identification purposes (Ganchev et al, 2007). Therefore, passive acoustic monitoring is particularly well-suited for loud terrestrial insects such as Orthoptera or Cicadoidea because they produce species-specific mating calls (Penone et al, 2013) (Figure 1), but may also be useful for a variety of other insects including bees (Galen et al, 2019;Kawakita and Ichikawa, 2019) and aquatic Hemiptera (Desjonquères et al, 2020;Gottesman et al, 2020).…”

Section: Taxonomic Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Standards and Best Practices for Monitoring and Benchmarking Insects

et al. 2021

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Benchmark studies of insect populations are increasingly relevant and needed amid accelerating concern about insect trends in the Anthropocene. The growing recognition that insect populations may be in decline has given rise to a renewed call for insect population monitoring by scientists, and a desire from the broader public to participate in insect surveys. However, due to the immense diversity of insects and a vast assortment of data collection methods, there is a general lack of standardization in insect monitoring methods, such that a sudden and unplanned expansion of data collection may fail to meet its ecological potential or conservation needs without a coordinated focus on standards and best practices. To begin to address this problem, we provide simple guidelines for maximizing return on proven inventory methods that will provide insect benchmarking data suitable for a variety of ecological responses, including occurrence and distribution, phenology, abundance and biomass, and diversity and species composition. To track these responses, we present seven primary insect sampling methods—malaise trapping, light trapping, pan trapping, pitfall trappings, beating sheets, acoustic monitoring, and active visual surveys—and recommend standards while highlighting examples of model programs. For each method, we discuss key topics such as recommended spatial and temporal scales of sampling, important metadata to track, and degree of replication needed to produce rigorous estimates of ecological responses. We additionally suggest protocols for scalable insect monitoring, from backyards to national parks. Overall, we aim to compile a resource that can be used by diverse individuals and organizations seeking to initiate or improve insect monitoring programs in this era of rapid change.

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Section: Taxonomic Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Standards and Best Practices for Monitoring and Benchmarking Insects

et al. 2021

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“…Bees are typically day-active and their flights are affected by reduced light levels (Kelber et al, 2006) or the obscuring of solar cues, e.g. during a solar eclipse (Galen et al, 2018). Nocturnality in bees is uncommon, but has evolved repeatedly in several families (Wcislo and Tierney, 2009) and is proposed as a strategy to gain resources from night-blooming flowers (Hopkins et al, 2000;Wcislo et al, 2004;Wcislo and Tierney, 2009), minimize competition or predation (Bohart and Youssef, 1976;Smith et al, 2003;Wcislo et al, 2004) or avoid high temperatures (Gerling et al, 1989;Gottlieb et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nocturnal Bees Feed on Diurnal Leftovers and Pay the Price of Day – Night Lifestyle Transition

et al. 2020

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Bees exemplify flights under bright sunlight. A few species across bee families have evolved nocturnality, displaying remarkable adaptations to overcome limitations of their daylight-suited apposition eyes. Phase inversion to nocturnality in a minority of bees that co-exist with diurnal bees provides a unique opportunity to study ecological benefits that mediate total temporal niche shifts. While floral traits and sensory modalities associated with the evolution of classical nocturnal pollination syndromes, e.g. by bats and moths, are well-studied, nocturnality in bees represents a poorly understood, recently invaded, extreme niche. To test the competitive release hypothesis, we examine how nocturnality shapes foraging by comparing pollen loads, nest pollen, and flower visitation of sympatric nocturnal and diurnal carpenter bees. We predicted that nocturnal bees primarily use night-blooming flowers, show little/no resource overlap with diurnal species and competitive release favors night-time pollen collection for provisioning. Contrarily, we found substantial resource overlap between nocturnal and diurnal bees. Flower opening times, floral longevity and plant abundance did not define nocturnal flower use. Smaller pollen loads on nocturnal foragers suggest subsistence on resource leftovers largely from diurnal flowers. Greater pollen types/diversity on nocturnal foragers indicate lower floral constancy compared to diurnal congenerics. Reduced activity during new moon compared to full moon suggests constraints to nocturnal foraging. Invasion and sustenance within the nocturnal niche is characterized by: (i) opportunistic foraging on residual resources as indicated by smaller pollen loads, extensive utilization of day-blooming flowers and substantial overlap with diurnal bees, (ii) generalization at two levels-between and within foraging trips as indicated by lower floral constancy, (iii) reduced foraging on darker nights, indicating visual constraints despite sensitive optics. This together with smaller populations and univoltine breeding in nocturnal compared to multivoltine diurnal counterparts suggest that nocturnality imposes substantial fitness costs. In conclusion, the evolution of nocturnality in bees is accompanied by resource generalization instead of specialization. Reduced floral constancy suggests differences in foraging strategies of nocturnal and diurnal bees which merits further investigation. The relative roles of competition, floral rewards and predators should be examined to fully understand the evolution and maintenance of nocturnality in bees.

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“…Floral scents may be particularly effective in two scenarios-for plants pollinated at night when the floral resources are less visible and attraction from a distance (Krug et al 2018). Bees are largely light sensitive and limited light levels or anything that obscure of visual cues can easily affect their foraging flights (Galen et al 2019;Kelber et al 2006) except nocturnal bees (Hopkins et al 2000;Wcislo and Tierney 2009). For instance, a benzenoid (2-phenylethanol ( 18)) along with 1-octanol ( 19) emitted by a night flowering plant Campomanesia phaea (f lowering period from 04:30 to 05:00 am) attracted night-active nocturnal bees (Megalopta and Ptiloglossa species) (Cordeiro et al 2017).…”

Section: Benzenoid Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roles of flower scent in bee?flower mediations: a review

Bisrat

Jung

2022

J Ecol Environ

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Background: Bees and flowering plants associations were initially began during the early Cretaceous, 120 million years ago. This coexistence has led to a mutual relationship where the plant serves as food and in return, the bee help them their reproduction. Animals pol linate about 75% of food crops worldwide, with bees as the world's primary pollinator. In general, bees rely on flower scents to locate blooming flowers as visual clue is limited and also their host plants from a distance. In this review, an attempt is made to collect some relevant 107 published papers from three scientific databases, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science database, covering the period from 1959 to 2021. Results: Flowering plants are well documented to actively emit volatile organic com pounds (VOCs). However, only a few of them are important for eliciting behavioral re sponses in bees. In this review, fiftythree volatile organic compounds belonging to differ ent class of compounds, mainly terpenoids, benzenoids, and volatile fatty acid derivatives, is compiled here from floral scents that are responsible for eliciting behavioral responses in bees. Bees generally use honest floral signals to locate their host plants with nectar and pollenrich flowers. Thus, honest signaling mechanism plays a key role in maintaining mu tualistic plant-pollinator associations. Conclusions: Considering the fact that floral scents are the primary attractants, under standing and identification of VOCs from floral scent in plantpollinator networks are cru cial to improve crop pollination. Interestingly, current advances in both VOCs scent gene identification and their biosynthetic pathways make it possible to manipulate particular VOCs in plant, and this eventually may lead to increase in crop productivity.

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Pollination on the Dark Side: Acoustic Monitoring Reveals Impacts of a Total Solar Eclipse on Flight Behavior and Activity Schedule of Foraging Bees

Cited by 15 publications

References 24 publications

Standards and Best Practices for Monitoring and Benchmarking Insects

Standards and Best Practices for Monitoring and Benchmarking Insects

Nocturnal Bees Feed on Diurnal Leftovers and Pay the Price of Day – Night Lifestyle Transition

Roles of flower scent in bee?flower mediations: a review

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