Pollen types of Sapindaceae from Brazilian forest fragments: apertural variation

Bellonzi, Talita Kely; Dutra, Fernanda Vitorete; Souza, Cintia Neves de; Rezende, Andréia Alves; Gasparino, Eduardo Custódio

doi:10.1590/0102-33062020abb0022

Cited by 27 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…When we compare the quantitative data of Solanaceae pollen grains with recent studies conducted in the same area (forest fragments from Cerrado), we can verify that the values of diameters combined with aperture measurements are also important for species segregation in Fridericia (Souza & Gasparino 2014), Malpighiaceae (Belonsi & Gasparino 2015) and Sapindaceae (Bellonzi et al 2020). For Bignoniaceae (Souza et al 2019) and Rubiaceae (Dutra et al 2020) species, the pollen grain diameters associated with other metric data help the recognition of some taxa.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

“…Pollen terminology follow Punt et al (2007); we adopted the polar area index proposed by Faegri & Iversen (1966), colpus width index in accordance with Gasparino et al (2013), and pollen description is based on Bellonzi et al (2020). Photomicrographs were taken with a Bel Photonics light microscope, for LM photos, and electromicrographs were taken with a JEOL JSM5410.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some studies on the pollen of native species from remaining forest fragments of Cerrado indicate variations in shape, aperture, amb, ornamentation and size of the pollen grains (Souza & Gasparino 2014;Belonsi & Gasparino 2015;Dutra & Gasparino 2018;Landi & Gasparino 2018;Souza et al 2019;Bellonzi et al 2020;Dutra et al 2020 andSoares et al 2021); therefore, the aim of this study was to identify morphological characteristics in pollen grains of Solanaceae species, in order to contribute with the palynology, taxonomy and conservation of these species in degraded areas. This analysis also intended to identify which morphological characters of the pollen grains are important in the segregation of native Solanaceae species in Cerrado forest fragments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A taxonomic aid arising from pollen grains of Cestrum L. and Solanum L. (Solanaceae): differences in ornamentation and aperture

2021

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Solanaceae is represented by herbs, shrubs, trees and climbing plants and has cosmopolitan distribution, with a large number of native species in the Neotropical region. This study aimed to characterize the pollen morphology of ten species of Solanaceae (especially species of Cestrum and Solanum) from Cerrado forest fragments in Brazil, in order to contribute to the palynology, taxonomy and conservation of degraded areas. Pollen grains were acetolysed, measured and photographed using light and scanning electron microscopy. Qualitative data were described, and quantitative data were analyzed statistically according to sample size. Morphologically, the studied pollen grains vary in size (small to medium), amb (subcircular to subtriangular), shape (oblate spheroidal to subprolate), aperture details (very long, long or narrow colpi, rounded or tapered at the polar ends, colpi with margo, sometimes with a fastigium, endoapertures can present costa and median constriction) and ornamentation (psilate, rugulate, striate or microreticulate). We observed rugulate or striate pollen grains without fastigium for Cestrum species, whereas psilate or microreticulate pollen grains with fastigium were observed for Solanum species. Qualitative data on diameters and aperture measurements were also found to be important in characterizing the two genera. The results obtained here confirm Solanaceae as an eurypalynous family.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A taxonomic aid arising from pollen grains of Cestrum L. and Solanum L. (Solanaceae): differences in ornamentation and aperture

2021

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“…Pollen from the Kisinger Lakes paleoflora in Wyoming that MacGinitie compared with Serjania [ 74 ] was not described; however, one figure shows a single grain 24 μm across in polar view with a 3-(parasyncol)porate structure. It is not possible to determine whether it was heteropolar and pollen grains in Paullinieae are larger than 30 μm across [ 98 , 104 ]. Therefore, we do not consider this a reliable fossil occurrence of Paullinieae based on the available information.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climbing since the early Miocene: The fossil record of Paullinieae (Sapindaceae)

Jud

Allen

Nelson³

et al. 2021

PLoS ONE

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Paullinieae are a diverse group of tropical and subtropical climbing plants that belong to the soapberry family (Sapindaceae). The six genera in this tribe make up approximately one-quarter of the species in the family, but a sparse fossil record limits our understanding of their diversification. Here, we provide the first description of anatomically preserved fossils of Paullinieae and we re-evaluate other macrofossils that have been attributed to the tribe. We identified permineralized fossil roots in collections from the lower Miocene Cucaracha Formation where it was exposed along the Culebra Cut of the Panama Canal. We prepared the fossils using the cellulose acetate peel technique and compared the anatomy with that of extant Paullinieae. The fossil roots preserve a combination of characters found only in Paullinieae, including peripheral secondary vascular strands, vessel dimorphism, alternate intervessel pitting with coalescent apertures, heterocellular rays, and axial parenchyma strands of 2–4 cells, often with prismatic crystals. We also searched the paleontological literature for other occurrences of the tribe. We re-evaluated leaf fossils from western North America that have been assigned to extant genera in the tribe by comparing their morphology to herbarium specimens and cleared leaves. The fossil leaves that were assigned to Cardiospermum and Serjania from the Paleogene of western North America are likely Sapindaceae; however, they lack diagnostic characters necessary for inclusion in Paullinieae and should be excluded from those genera. Therefore, the fossils described here as Ampelorhiza heteroxylon gen. et sp. nov. are the oldest macrofossil evidence of Paullinieae. They provide direct evidence of the development of a vascular cambial variant associated with the climbing habit in Sapindaceae and provide strong evidence of the diversification of crown-group Paullinieae in the tropics by 18.5–19 million years ago.

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“…Species with 3-4-aperturate pollen have been shown to occur in Sapindaceae, such as Allophylus macrobotrys (Salgado-Labouriau 1973;Bonnefille and Riollet 1980), Magonia pubescens (Bellonzi et al 2020), andSerjania. erecta (Salgado-Labouriau 1973); in Simaroubaceae, such as Quassia amara (Barata et al 2002); in Rutaceae, such as Erythrochiton gymnanthus and Galipea jasminiflora (Morton and Kallunki 1993); and in Burseraceae, such as Commiphora africana and C. madagascariense (Bonnefille and Riollet 1980).…”

Section: Number Of Aperturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollen morphology and evolutionary history of Sapindales

et al. 2021

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In Brazil, Sapindales is represented by six families Anacardiaceae, Burseraceae, Meliaceae, Rutaceae, Sapindaceae, and Simaroubaceae. Palynological studies on its members are varied, including few detailed descriptions as well as palynotaxonomic analyses or brief diagnoses in floras or ecological, paleopalynological, or melissopalynological investigations. This study aimed to compile the main pollen characters of Sapindales families occurring in Brazil through a thorough review of the literature including national or foreign taxa and to present new information on the palynology of representatives of the families. Acetolyzed pollen grains from representatives of the six families were also analyzed, measured, and illustrated under light microscope. Unacetolyzed pollen grains were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. An evolutionary approach to pollen morphology in Sapindales was carried out by mapping and reconstructing the ancestral states of the pollen grains attributes on the existing phylogenetic proposal. Phylogenetic trees were generated by parsimony analysis and used to reconstruct the evolutionary history of each character state of the analyzed taxa. This study represents a first attempt to establish the phylogeny of the order Sapindales using pollen data. Future palynological studies should focus on species not included in the current phylogenetic tree as well as phylogenetic relationships within the nine Sapindales families.

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Pollen types of Sapindaceae from Brazilian forest fragments: apertural variation

Cited by 27 publications

References 32 publications

A taxonomic aid arising from pollen grains of Cestrum L. and Solanum L. (Solanaceae): differences in ornamentation and aperture

A taxonomic aid arising from pollen grains of Cestrum L. and Solanum L. (Solanaceae): differences in ornamentation and aperture

Climbing since the early Miocene: The fossil record of Paullinieae (Sapindaceae)

Pollen morphology and evolutionary history of Sapindales

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