Pollen and Seed Morphology of<i>Tribulus Terrestris</i>L. (<i>Zygophyllaceae</i>)

Semerdjieva, Ivanka; Yankova-Tsvetkova, Еlina; Baldjiev, Georgi; Yurukova-Grancharova, Petka

doi:10.5504/bbeq.2011.0031

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Both the species are out-crossing and pollinated mainly by Xylocopa darwini in Galapagos Islands (Porter 1971). Other works have reported that T. terrestris is cross-pollinated by insects with a backup self-pollination system in Bulgaria (Semerdjieva et al 2011). These reports indicate that T. terrestris is insect-pollinated while keeping the option open for autonomous autogamy.…”

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confidence: 89%

“…The longer stamens with anthers are placed at the level of the stigma and arranged opposite the petals. The pollen grains are oblate-spheroidal, pantoporate, and radially symmetrical; the exine has reticulate ornamentation with straight to slightly expressed wavy barriers with a simple columnar structure (Image 1c) (Semerdjieva et al 2011). The ovary has five carpels, each one with a single ovule (Image 1e).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The flowers do not open again. Such a floral self-pollinating mechanism is a failsafe strategy for the plant to achieve pollination if the flowers are not pollinated when the flowers are in an open state (Goldsmith & Hafenrichter 1932;Reddi et al 1981;Semerdjieva et al 2011).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The fruit is a schizocarp, woody burr, flattened, hairy, grey to yellow-tan, and separated into five wedge-shaped indehiscent nutlets or cocci or burs each with two stout dorsal spreading spines and several prickles. Seeds vary 2-5 per coccus and remain enclosed inside; they are flattened, triangular-ovate with a sharp lengthened tip and a flat base (Semerdjieva et al 2011). The bur spines resembling the horns of bulls or goats are sharp enough to puncture bicycle tires and other air-filled tires.…”

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Polychorous Puncture Vine Tribulus terrestris L. (Zygophyllaceae), a potential forage source for a guild of insect pollinators during the wet season

Raju¹,

Raju

2023

J. Threat. Taxa

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Tribulus terrestris is a herbaceous weed capable of growing throughout the year in many habitats. It is hermaphroditic, protogynous, and self-pollinating, although it is also insect-pollinated. The insects involved in pollination use their flowers as a potential forage source by displaying fidelity during the wet season when profuse flowering occurs. The functional traits relating to sexual reproduction such as autonomous selfing, insect-pollination, polychory, and C4 photosynthetic pathway are quite advantageous for the plant to grow as a successful weed in different habitats, prominently in open habitats.

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confidence: 89%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Polychorous Puncture Vine Tribulus terrestris L. (Zygophyllaceae), a potential forage source for a guild of insect pollinators during the wet season

Raju¹,

Raju

2023

J. Threat. Taxa

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“…26 The fruit is an angle schizocarp capsule divided into 5 thorny (5 cocci or burrs) thick and closed fruit parts (nuts) with 2 to 5 seeds in them. 27 Seeds are flat, triangle-oval, with a long-sharp top and a flat base 28 ( Figure 4(e)), with well-developed round embryo. 29…”

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confidence: 99%

Chemical Constituents, Biological Properties, and Uses of Tribulus terrestris: A Review

Semerdjieva

Zheljazkov

2019

Natural Product Communications

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Tribulus terrestris L. (TT) (puncturevine) is a common weed that grows in many countries worldwide and in some places is considered as a noxious weed. The plant has been used in traditional Chinese and Indian medicines and is now considered as one of the most popular aphrodisiacs. It is known for its healing properties for sexual difficulties, impotence, and human and animal hormonal imbalance. It is also used as a sexual booster. Because of the plant’s active substances that can be used for curing sexual and other disorders, interest in it is increasing, and it is currently one of the most studied medicinal plants. The products and preparations manufactured from the aboveground plant parts are especially popular among athletes and people with health issues and diseases such as hormonal imbalance, sexual problems, heart problems, and various kidney and skin diseases. The aim of this review is a comprehensive and critical assessment of the scientific publications involving TT, with special reference to its chemical constituents and biological properties that may facilitate current understanding and future studies of this fascinating plant species. The objectives of this review were (1) to find knowledge gaps, (2) to discuss critically relevant publications and issues with materials and methods that may be prerequisites for contradictory results, and (3) to identify research and development areas. It was found that some of the studies on TT extracts as aphrodisiacs are controversial. A significant number of research publications claim that TT extracts and nutritional supplements containing TT improve muscle tone, have a common biostimulating effect, and improve spermogenesis. However, there are a growing number of publications that dispute these claims, as there are no empirical data on commonly accepted mechanisms of action. The main biologically active substances in TT are steroidal saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, and lignan amides, the most studied being the steroidal saponins. Multiyear data on the metabolic profile of the species are generally lacking. There are a variety of methods used for extracting plant material, differences in methodologies and saponin analyses, and scientific instruments that were used. Lack of common standards could be a reason for differences in the pharmacological activity and composition of the TT preparations. Development of standard procedures and methods for collection of plant material and analyses are recommended. Selection and breeding efforts and agronomic studies of promising clones of TT would need to be conducted in order to develop TT as a new crop. This will provide consistency of supply and quality of the feedstock for the pharmaceutical industry and could provide a new cash crop for growers.

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