Pollen Abortion in T Cytoplasmic Male-Sterile Corn (
            <i>Zea mays</i>
            ): A Suggested Mechanism

Warmke, H. E.; Lee, Sheu‐Ling Janet

doi:10.1126/science.200.4341.561

Cited by 113 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…A 20-to 40-fold increase in mitochondrion number has been found in some anther cells in maize (Warmke and Lee, 1978). The increased expression of several mitochondrial genes in maize microspores was proposed to result from a gene dosage effect caused by either the amplification of specific mitochondrial genes or an increase in mitochondrion number (MonBger et al, 1992).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Together, these results indicated that the mitochondrial RlSP gene family is constitutively expressed at a basal level in tobacco plants and that the expression is also differentially regulated in an organ-or tissue-specific manner. The plant mitochondrion is functionally more versatile than animal mitochondria (Dennis, Microsporogenesis is a high-energy-demanding process that may impose stress on anther development (Warmke and Lee, 1978). Because microspores are nonphotosynthetic and contain only undifferentiated plastids and amyloplasts, energy in the form of ATP required for pollen development must be supplied mainly by mitochondria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flower-enhanced expression of a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial respiratory protein is associated with changes in mitochondrion number.

et al. 1994

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The mitochondrial Rieske iron-sulfur protein is an obligatory component of the respiratory electron transport chain that is encoded by a single-copy gene in mammals and fungi. In contrast, this protein is encoded by a small gene family in dicotyledonous tobacco and monocotyledonous maize. We cloned four cDNAs from tobacco that encode the mitochondrial Rieske iron-sulfur protein. These clones, along with a previously isolated cDNA, represent five independent members of the gene family that can be divided into three subfamilies. All of these genes were derived from the two progenitor species and were expressed in amphidiploid tobacco. The proteins encoded by these five genes are probably functional because they all contain the universally conserved hexyl peptides necessary for the 2Fe-2s cluster formation. The expression of the Rieske protein gene family is differentially regulated; a 6-to 11-fold higher leve1 of steady state transcripts was found in flowers than in leaves, stems, and roots. Members of at least two subfamilies were preferentially expressed in flowers, indicating that they share a common cis-regulatory element(s), which can respond to a flowerspecific signal(s). Although -10 times more transcripts occurred in flowers than in leaves, flower and leaf mitochondria contained a similar amount of the Rieske protein. Flowers, however, contained seven times more Rieske proteins than leaves. These results indicated an increase in mitochondrion number in flowers. High-energy demands during anther development might bring about an increase in mitochondrion numbers in flowers and the flower-enhanced expression of the Rieske protein gene family. Our results suggested that nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial respiratory proteins could sense and respond to changes in energy metabolism andlor changes in mitochondrion numbers. INTRODUCTIONThe mitochondrial electron transport chain of eukaryotes consists of four major multimeric enzyme complexes, one of which is the ubiquino1:cytochrome c oxidoreductase, commonly referred to as the cytochrome bcl complex or complex III. Electron flow through the cytochrome bcl complex is coupled with a vectorial transmembrane proton translocation, which generates an electrochemical gradient that is subsequently used for the synthesis of ATP by the Fo/Fl ATPase located in the mitochondrial inner membrane (for review, see Trumpower, 1981). The enzyme complex has been purified from bacteria (Yang and Trumpower, 1986), fungi (Siedow et al., 1978;Weiss and Kolb, 1979), plants (Nakajimaet al., 1984;Berry et al., 1991;Braun and Schmitz, 1992), and mammals (Rieske et al., 1964). Although the number of subunits in the complex varies from as few as three in some bacteria to as many as 11 in some higher eukaryotes, all bcl complexes contain a core of three catalytic subunits, including cytochrome b, which has two heme groups, cytochrome cl, and the Rieske iron-sulfur protein (RISP) that contains a nonheme 2Fe-2s cluster.To whom correspondence should be addressed.The RlSP was first observed in ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flower-enhanced expression of a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial respiratory protein is associated with changes in mitochondrion number.

et al. 1994

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“…Expression of wild-type mitochondrial proteins and mitochondrial transcripts varies between different tissues in the plant (Conley and Hanson, 1994;Moneger et al, 1994), so aberrant proteins could possibly change in concentration during anther development. However, it is technically difficult to distinguish whether the concentration of a protein within a mitochondrion has changed in young anthers or whether apparently enhanced levels of a mitochondrial protein are an indirect result of an increase in mitochondrial number, which has been documented in the tapetum and wild-type sporogenous tissue of maize (Warmke and Lee, 1978). Perhaps the leading hypothesis for most types of CMS is that mitochondria have a special role to play in the tapetum, male meiotic cells, and/or developing microspores.…”

Section: A Special Role For Mitochondria In Pollen Development?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions of Mitochondrial and Nuclear Genes That Affect Male Gametophyte Development

Hanson

Bentolila

2004

THE PLANT CELL ONLINE

745

628

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“…However, as is the case with rice COX11 and other CMS systems, the mode of action may affect more than one category. An additional interesting dimension is that while the expression of CMS genes does not appear to be restricted to the male reproductive tissues in many species (Warmke and Lee, 1978;Abad et al, 1995;Yamamoto et al, 2008;Chen and Liu, 2014), accumulation of CMS-related proteins can be highly spatiotemporally specific to induce CMS (Abad et al, 1995;Wang et al, 2006;Luo et al, 2013).…”

Section: And [4]mentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Mitochondrial Genome Evolution and Cytoplasmic Male Sterility

Chen

Zhao

et al. 2017

Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences

120

116

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Pollen Abortion in T Cytoplasmic Male-Sterile Corn ( Zea mays ): A Suggested Mechanism

Cited by 113 publications

References 18 publications

Flower-enhanced expression of a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial respiratory protein is associated with changes in mitochondrion number.

Flower-enhanced expression of a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial respiratory protein is associated with changes in mitochondrion number.

Interactions of Mitochondrial and Nuclear Genes That Affect Male Gametophyte Development

Plant Mitochondrial Genome Evolution and Cytoplasmic Male Sterility

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