Polityczno-wojskowy wymiar rywalizacji między Chińską Republiką Ludową  a Stanami Zjednoczonymi Ameryki w XX i XXI wieku

Jureńczyk, Łukasz

doi:10.17951/k.2017.24.2.9

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Facilitating peace and prosperity in the still problematic regions of Central Asia and the Middle East is in China's common interest, the Eurasian Economic Union, and the European Union. China's growing regional influence will elevate geopolitical risks, for example, in India (Jureńczyk, 2017).…”

Section: Figure 1 Threats and Risks Facing The Bri From Different Pomentioning

confidence: 99%

The Belt and Road Initiative – Shared Development or a Threat for the World Economy?

Ciborowski¹,

Oziewicz²,

Pangsy-Kania³

2021

ERSJ

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Purpose: The authors of the article try to situate the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)-Chinese flag international project-in theory and turn attention to the risks accompanying it. The article examines the applicability of a theoretical concept connected with the sharing economy towards the Belt and Road Initiative. Presenting the idea of shared development is a novelty in the approach towards BRI. It puts China at the center of the future globalization wave, describing the process with Chinese characteristics and comparing it with Western-style globalization. The aim of this research is also to assess and discuss the disadvantages and threats of the Belt and Road Initiative from different points of view countries/participants involved, the world economy, and China itself. Design/Methodology/Approach: The main tool used in the first part of the research is a literature analysis, whereas, in the second part, logical reasoning based on a critical analysis of recent and older literature and official Chinese statements have been used. The third part of the reasoning is based on empirical examples from Belt and Road countriesthis being a base for synthesizing the research. A qualitative method was applied to this research. Findings: The study results have confirmed that given the various aspects concerning the BRI, the initiative is a source of both opportunities and threats for all the participating sides. Practical Implications: The results can be used to estimate the positive and negative consequences of individual economies' engagement in the BRI project. They may enhance or warn the engaged countries as far as this grand project's participation is concerned. Originality/value: The concept of shared development as the theoretical base for the Belt and Road Initiative is a complete novelty. The multifaceted approach towards the positive and negative sides of BRI is also not popular in the literature. The model used in the article is the effect of the authors' own work.

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Section: Figure 1 Threats and Risks Facing The Bri From Different Pomentioning

confidence: 99%

The Belt and Road Initiative – Shared Development or a Threat for the World Economy?

Ciborowski¹,

Oziewicz²,

Pangsy-Kania³

2021

ERSJ

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“…Researchers analyzing relations between the US and China mainly use the categories of competition and broadening the sphere of influence. The US is an obstacle in the implementation of China's policy which wants to establish a multipolar system based on Pax Sinica, though it does not mean that China is striving for conflict (Jureńczyk 2017a). Another researcher notices that China increases its influence to the disadvantage of strong actors of international relations, mainly the US, and strives for a change of the international system (Skrzyp 2016).…”

Section: Between Competition and Cooperationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…China's activity related to the engagement in and the building of international institutions stems from the need to transform the current system into a multipolar one, in which the US does not have such a strong position as it does at the moment. Researchers most often point out that China wants the system to change into a multipolar one (Góralczyk 2017b;Ciecierski 2017;Jureńczyk 2017a;Jankowski 2016;Willa 2011;Rowiński and Szafraniec 2008;Kamieński 2006;Milewski 2003). A considerate group of researchers stress that China wants to be in the center of the world again (Fiszer 2017;Góralczyk 2017b;Mierzejewski and Żakowski 2012;Rowiński and Szafraniec 2008;Kubiak 2008;Kotas 2008;Bobkowski 2013;Skrzyp 2012).…”

Section: Michałek 2014mentioning

confidence: 99%

Closer to a threat than an opportunity: Polish perception of China’s rise and international engagement

Grzywacz

2019

Asia Eur J

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Chinese initiatives of a geopolitical nature are being more and more frequently analyzed in the literature. At the same time, it is pointed out that at least since 2012 China has been pursuing an assertive and active foreign policy. Due to the importance of the Belt and Road Initiative project and also the 16 + 1 cooperation in the Central and Eastern Europe region, it is worth analyzing what the perception of China in this region is on the example of Poland. The study attempts to answer the question of how the increase in China's importance and its international engagement are perceived in Poland. The analysis of Polish papers published in 2003-2017 shows, and this is an argument, that Polish researchers more frequently present China in the categories of a threat and apply research terminology and tools within the realistic theory of international relations and this image is being reinforced, especially after 2013. The analytical framework of BChina as a threat^and BChina as an opportunity^occurring frequently in research is placed in this paper in theories of international relations.

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Conditions for the Development of the Polish Navy During the Period of Maritime Powers Rivalry

Mickiewicz

2020

Rocznik Bezpieczeństwa Morskiego

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The 21st century rivalry of the maritime powers took the form of substitute activities. These are military incidents, control, or seizure of a shipping entity, and activities that threaten shipping itself. This determines the state of maritime security of Poland, because the Baltic has become one of the areas of its conduct. The adopted form of importing energy carriers along with the forming an alliance with the US construction of the alliance with the USA creates the possibility of taking hostile actions against it. It is necessary to adapt the form of operation of the Polish Navy to these threats. Based on the analysis of international, and national legal regulations, strategic documents of maritime powers, and applied forms of maritime activity, the scope of changes in Polish maritime policy was determined. Modifications of the definition of terms maritime piracy and unlawful assault at sea in Polish legal regulations were considered necessary, they should also include activities of maritime terrorism, subversion and sabotage of offshore facilities and installations, as well as ships operating. The principle of linking defense tasks against the sea attack, and maintaining navigation continuity was proposed as an element determining the construction method of the Polish Navy and the scope of combat training. On this basis, its combat potential and scope of training were determined. It should cover four areas (preparation for defense operations, combating nontraditional risks, how to respond to provocative, and criminal activities).

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Polityczno-wojskowy wymiar rywalizacji między Chińską Republiką Ludową a Stanami Zjednoczonymi Ameryki w XX i XXI wieku

Cited by 4 publications

References 4 publications

The Belt and Road Initiative – Shared Development or a Threat for the World Economy?

The Belt and Road Initiative – Shared Development or a Threat for the World Economy?

Closer to a threat than an opportunity: Polish perception of China’s rise and international engagement

Conditions for the Development of the Polish Navy During the Period of Maritime Powers Rivalry

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