“…The empirical evidence in this field remains mixed, however, with evidence of a negative relationship between ownership concentration and ER in Taiwan (Huang & Kung, 2010) and Jordan (Gerged, 2021). Media exposure (Ananzeh, Bugshan, & Amayreh, 2023) and corporate political connections (Ananzeh, Al Shbail, et al, 2023) offset the negative effects of concentrated ownership. Consequently, companies with dispersed ownership are expected to be more sensitive to external pressure (D'Amico et al, 2016) and increase the level of voluntary ER (Brammer & Pavelin, 2006) driven by greater shareholder demand for a broader range of environmental information (Huang & Kung, 2010).…”