“…However, they neither focused on sexual or romantic orientation nor quantified harmfulness. Research in hate speech detection considering gender and sexuality have mostly focus on sexism (Fersini et al, 2018;Basile et al, 2019;Chiril et al, 2020;Fersini et al, 2020a,b;Attanasio and Pastor, 2020;Zein-ert et al, 2021;Mulki and Ghanem, 2021;Nozza, 2021;Attanasio et al, 2022a,b). Few recent works covered hate speech on the basis of sexual orientation (Ousidhoum et al, 2019;Mollas et al, 2022;Kennedy et al, 2022;Chakravarthi et al, 2022;…”