Poliovirus antibody levels and lameness among individuals in three regions of Ghana

Opare, Joseph; Odoom, John Kofi; Akweongo, Patricia; Afari, Edwin; Pappoe, Matilda

doi:10.1080/21645515.2019.1637235

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…Mass polio vaccination campaigns have been implemented in Ghana since 2000 until the Regional Polio Certification Committee declared Ghana a polio-free country in 2015. Since then, polio vaccination has been offered to mothers in Ghana as part of the routine immunization package [5]. Despite the fact that Ghana has had relatively high coverage of the polio vaccine during the past few years (93%) [2,3], there were two major polio outbreaks in 2003 and 2008 that have been explained by gaps in immunization coverage [6,7].…”

Section: Polio and Polio Vaccination In Ghanamentioning

confidence: 99%

Strengthening polio vaccine demand in Ghana: Understanding the factors influencing uptake of the vaccine and the effectiveness of different message frames

Lohiniva¹,

Nurzhynska²,

Mueed

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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Background Ghana has experienced recent polio outbreaks. Behavioral insights can be used to understand behavior and create demand for the polio vaccine. Methods This cross-sectional study is based on an interactive mobile phone survey that explored factors influencing the uptake of the polio vaccine among Ghanaian mothers with children younger than five years old. The survey also explores the mothers’ intention to vaccinate their children in the future as well as an experiment with short polio vaccine voice message nudges to identify the most effective message frames in encouraging vaccination. The study sample was drawn from volunteers from a mobile service platform. Linear probability model regressions with Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) estimates were used to analyze the data. Results In total, data from 708 caregivers was assessed. Out of the sample, 35% (n = 250) had not vaccinated their children against polio, around 8% (n = 53) of respondents stated they did not plan to do so, while 28% expressed intent to do so during the next polio vaccination campaign. Higher vaccination of children against polio, i.e. better uptake of the polio vaccine, appeared to be associated with children’s caregivers knowing that polio causes paralysis (with a coefficient of 0.13 (95% CI: 0.02, 0.24), i.e. 13% more likely than not to have their child vaccinated). Higher vaccine uptake also appeared to be associated with the perception that the polio vaccine is safe (with a coefficient of 0.11 (95% CI: 0.01, 0.22), i.e. 11% more likely than not to have their child vaccinated). Another factor in increasing vaccine uptake is whether caregivers receive support from healthcare workers with a coefficient of 0.11 (95% CI: 0.02, 0.20), i.e. 11% more likely than not to have their child vaccinated. Crucially, difficulty accessing the polio vaccine appeared to be associate with a negative change in vaccine uptake (with a coefficient of -0.16 (95% CI: -0.23, -0.08), i.e. 16% less likely to have their child vaccinated). Satisfaction with the information provided by vaccinators was also associated with better vaccine uptake (with a coefficient of 0.12 (95% CI: 0.05, 0.20) i.e. 12% more likely than not to have their child vaccinated); and having seen or heard something negative about the polio vaccine with a coefficient of 0.10 (95% CI: 0.03, 0.17), i.e. 10% more likely than not to have their child vaccinated. The social norms message frame was statistically significant with a coefficient of 0.06 (95% CI: -0.004, 012). Conclusion The findings from this study suggest that most women with children under the age of 5 appear to have vaccinated their children against polio. Many more caregivers express an intention to vaccinate their children, never having done so before. The behavior and the intention to vaccinate are both driven by a number of factors that must be addressed to create demand for the polio vaccine. Targeted message frames appeared to be statistically significant drivers of vaccine uptake. However, more research is required to understand how they impact vaccine behavior and future intention for vaccination.

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Section: Polio and Polio Vaccination In Ghanamentioning

confidence: 99%

Strengthening polio vaccine demand in Ghana: Understanding the factors influencing uptake of the vaccine and the effectiveness of different message frames

Lohiniva¹,

Nurzhynska²,

Mueed

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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“…Seroprevalence is a useful tool for assessing the performance of immunization activities, evaluating the populations immunity to poliovirus and discovering areas with low immunity (Li et al, 2021). Low seroprevalence of poliovirus antibody in a population could result in polio outbreak (Opare et al, 2019). The data generated from this study may serve as an immunity benchmark for the study area against any polio infection to enable identification of the populations at risk of future polio outbreaks and also to determine the effectiveness of the vaccination and generate the prevalence data for monitoring, replanning, implementation and evaluation to ensure total eradication with no possible recurrence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Immunoglobulin G to Poliovirus in Children 5-10 Years Old in Minna, Nigeria

Enejiyon,

Wuna,

Babayi

et al. 2024

Asian. J. of. Sci. Technol. Eng. Art.

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In the Minna, data on the seroprevalence rate of antibodies to poliovirus serotypes which can be used to determine children’s immune status and the vaccine efficacy against poliomyelitis is sparse. This study aim was to detect immunoglobulin G to poliovirus in children aged 5-10 years old in Minna, Nigeria. About 2 mL of blood was collected by venipuncture from 91 children selected randomly from various health care facilities across Minna. Blood samples were centrifuged to obtain the sera. The detection of poliovirus specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) was done using polyclonal Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) detection test kits. In this study, all the children had detectable level of antibodies, 85 (93.4%) children consisting of 49 (53.8%) males and 36 (39.6%) females showed protective level of antibodies (seropositive). Seropositivity rate of 96.8% (30/31), 94.0% (31/33) and 88.9% (24/27) was recorded among children aged 9-10, 7-8 and 5-6 years old respectively. About 74.7% (68/91) of the participants were weak responder (concentration of antibodies <50 U/mL) to the vaccines received with low seroconversion rates while 6.6% (6/91) of the children had sub-protective level of antibodies (seronegative). Age, sex, parents’ occupation, mothers’ educational status and drinking water source had no significant association (p>0.05) with seroprevalence rates while fathers’ educational status showed significant statistical association with seroprevalence rate (p<0.05). High seropositivity was recorded in this study, nation-wide seroprevalence is recommended to comprehensively evaluate the progress made so far in sustaining polio-free status.

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“…It is caused by one of three polio serotypes (types 1, type 2, and type 3) and mainly affects children less than five years old. 10 Only one out of 200 polio infections experience paralytic symptoms or Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) cases. 11 Since August 2020, WHO certified the African Region free from all three types of wild poliovirus (WPV) when Nigeria became the last African country to interrupt wild poliovirus transmission.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction Model with Validation for Polioseronegativity in Malnourished Children from Poliomyelitis Transmission High-Risk Area of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)

Mwamba,

Kabamba,

Hoff

et al. 2023

POR

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Background Malnutrition is identified as a risk factor for insufficient polio seroconversion in the context of a vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) outbreak-prone region. In the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), underweight decreased from 31% (in 2001) to 26% (in 2018). Since 2004, VDPV serotype 2 outbreaks (cVDPV2) have been documented and were geographically limited around the Haut-Lomami and Tanganyika Provinces. Methods To develop and validate a predictive model for poliomyelitis vaccine response in malnourished infants, a cross-sectional household study was carried out in the Haut-Lomami and Tanganyika provinces. Healthy children aged 6 to 59 months (n=968) were enrolled from eight health zones (HZ) out of 27, in March 2018. We performed a bivariate and multivariate logistics analysis. Final models were selected using a stepwise Wald method, and variables were selected based on the criterion p < 0.05. The association between nutritional variables, explaining polio seronegativity for the three serotypes, was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve). Results Factors significantly associated with seronegativity to the three polio serotypes were underweight, non-administration of vitamin A, and the age group of 12 to 59 months. The sensitivity was 10.5%, and its specificity was 96.4% while the positive predictive values (PPV) and negative (PNV) were 62.7% and 65.3%, respectively. We found a convergence of the curves of the initial sample and two split samples. Based on the comparison of the overlapping confidence intervals of the ROC curve, we concluded that our prediction model is valid. Conclusion This study proposed the first tool which variables are easy to collect by any health worker in charge of vaccination or in charge of nutrition. It will bring on top, the collaboration between the Immunization and the Nutritional programs in DRC integration policy, and its replicability in other low- and middle-income countries with endemic poliovirus.

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Poliovirus antibody levels and lameness among individuals in three regions of Ghana

Cited by 5 publications

References 30 publications

Strengthening polio vaccine demand in Ghana: Understanding the factors influencing uptake of the vaccine and the effectiveness of different message frames

Strengthening polio vaccine demand in Ghana: Understanding the factors influencing uptake of the vaccine and the effectiveness of different message frames

Detection of Immunoglobulin G to Poliovirus in Children 5-10 Years Old in Minna, Nigeria

Prediction Model with Validation for Polioseronegativity in Malnourished Children from Poliomyelitis Transmission High-Risk Area of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)

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