Polio eradication efforts in regions of geopolitical strife: the Boko Haram threat to efforts in sub-Saharan Africa

Bigna, Jean Joël

doi:10.4314/ahs.v16i2.28

Cited by 27 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…A recent report condemned the killing of a dedicated polio worker in Pakistan while undertaking polio vaccination activities [11]. A suggestion for the use of military personnel for vaccination activities was made from the experience of insecurity in the Lake Chad region [12] but experts argued that this method should be used with caution as it can be counterproductive by deepening false perceptions regarding the vaccine [10]. However, partnership with the military was seen to improve coverage of polio vaccination among insecure and hard-to-reach areas in Angola [13].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors affecting the successful implementation of Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) in low- and middle-income countries

Mshelia¹,

Blackmore²,

Archer³

2020

Journal of Global Health

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors affecting the successful implementation of Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) in low- and middle-income countries

Mshelia¹,

Blackmore²,

Archer³

2020

Journal of Global Health

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“…This is perhaps the most important hindrance to complete polio eradication in Pakistan, Nigeria and Afghanistan. Counter insurgencies in Pakistan in May 2011 gave rise to a spike in polio transmission leading to 198 detected cases in that year, while similar conflict action in 2014 saw the reported cases peaking at 306 compared to the 54 cases recorded in the previous year [25].…”

Section: Conflictmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Status and Underlying Problems of Eradication of Poliomyelitis in the Remaining Endemic Countries

Ike¹,

Reward²,

Mbaawuaga³

et al. 2018

EJPM

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In 1988, the World Health Assembly of the World Health Organization (WHO) launched the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI), with the resolve to interrupt transmission of wild poliovirus (WPV) worldwide by the year 2000.Eighteen years after the intended year of eradication, that target is yet to be achieved. To investigate the reasons behind this, a check of recent publications on poliomyelitis and polio virus was carried out. The databases and websites of institutions and organizations involved in the polio eradication programme were also checked. The findings showed that although the goal of interrupting polio transmission has not been meet, a lot of progress has been made. By 2006, transmission of WPV had been interrupted in all but four countries: Afghanistan, India, Nigeria and Pakistan. In February 2012, India was delisted from the list of polio-endemic countries leaving the remaining 3 countries as the only endemic countries in the world. Wild type 2 and 3 viruses have both been eliminated from circulations. The number of polio cases in the remaining endemic countries has reduced drastically. Nigeria is close to the target, but is yet to be certified polio-free, having experienced a setback in 2016. However, as long as transmission of WPV continues in these countries, the world cannot be free from the disease, as these countries serve as reservoirs of infection and sources of export of the virus to other countries. To be able to achieve the target of interrupting the transmission of WPV in the remaining endemic countries, the identified problems, particularly conflict in the countries concerned, will have to be factored into the programmes geared toward eradication of the disease.

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“…In addition, population projections are often out of date due to growth rate disparities. When population estimates for LGAs, wards and settlements exist, they are often incorrect because they have been calculated using constant growth rates that are based on national estimates6 of birth, death and migration 9 10…”

Section: Context and Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

From paper maps to digital maps: enhancing routine immunisation microplanning in Northern Nigeria

et al. 2019

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Geographical information systems (GIS) can be effective decision-support tools. In this paper, we detail a GIS approach implemented by the Bauchi and Sokoto state primary healthcare development agencies in Nigeria to generate and convert routine immunisation (RI) paper maps to digital maps for microplanning. The process involved three stages: primary and secondary data collection and reconciliation, geospatial data processing and analysis, and production and validation of maps. The data collection and reconciliation stage identified a number of challenges with secondary data sources, including the need to standardise and reconcile health facility and settlement names. The study team was unable to apply population estimates generated from the Global Polio Eradication Initiative to RI planning because operational boundaries for polio activities are defined differently from RI activities. Application of open-source GIS software enabled the combination of multiple datasets and analysis of geospatial data to calculate catchment areas for primary health centres (PHCs) and assign vaccination strategies to communities. The activity resulted in the development of PHC catchment area digital maps, and captured next steps and lessons learnt for RI microplanning in the two states. While the digital maps provided input into the microplanning process, more work is needed to build capacity, standardise processes and ensure the quality of data used to generate the maps. RI service providers and communities must be engaged in the process to validate, understand the data, the contextual factors that influence decisions about which vaccination strategies RI microplans include and how resources are allocated.

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Polio eradication efforts in regions of geopolitical strife: the Boko Haram threat to efforts in sub-Saharan Africa

Abstract: BackgroundThe human poliovirus, an enterovirus, is the causative agent of polio. There are three serotypes of wild poliovirus (WPV) -type 1, type 2, and type 3

Cited by 27 publications

References 7 publications

Factors affecting the successful implementation of Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) in low- and middle-income countries

Factors affecting the successful implementation of Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) in low- and middle-income countries

Current Status and Underlying Problems of Eradication of Poliomyelitis in the Remaining Endemic Countries

From paper maps to digital maps: enhancing routine immunisation microplanning in Northern Nigeria

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