Polinização de Camaridium ochroleucum Lindl. (Orchidaceae: Maxillariinae)

Abstract

O presente trabalho descreve a biologia floral e a polinização de Camaridium ochroleucum Lindl. Ocorre como epífita em árvores e troncos caídos na campina aberta e na campinarana formando grandes aglomerados de indivíduos, todavia indivíduos isolados também podem ser observados. Possui grande quantidade de osmóforos localizados no labelo. Com o hidróxido de amônio o labelo adquiriu intensa coloração amarela. Melipona illustris e Trigona fulviventris são os visitantes florais capazes de remover as políneas. Dependendo do local que o polinário fica depositado estas espécies são capazes de removê-las durante a limpeza corporal. Pilhadores de pólen também foram observados, tais como, Tetragona handlirschii e Apidae 1. A espécie demonstrou-se autoincompatível e possui baixa taxa de frutificação em meio natural.

Labellar Structure of the Maxillaria splendens Alliance (Orchidaceae: Maxillariinae) Indicates Floral Polyphenols as a Reward for Stingless Bees

“…have been shown to produce floral rewards. These include nectar [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ] and food-laden trichomes or papillae [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ], in particular, pseudopollen or farina [ 3 , 5 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ], a yellow-white, mealy material formed by the detachment or fragmentation of uniseriate, moniliform, multicellular, labellar trichomes to form individual or short chains of cells that are collected by pollinating stingless Meliponini bees [ 21 , 22 ]. Whereas the pseudopollen of Maxillaria sensu stricto ( s.s .)…”

“…They observed Trigona bees collecting them from the tips of the labella of M. ochroleuca [ 8 , 22 ], but without pollinating the flowers, even though Trigona and other Meliponini bees are known to pollinate many species of Maxillaria s.s . and related genera [ 1 , 10 , 16 , 22 , 29 , 33 , 36 , 37 ]. This poses a conundrum since, although histochemistry has hitherto only been performed on the labellar trichomes and papillae of one closely related taxon, namely M. buchtienii [ 8 , 20 ], the trichomes of this species were shown to lack protein bodies, contain negligible amounts of starch, and no lipid, whereas greater quantities of the first two food materials were recorded for its labellar papillae [ 8 , 20 ].…”

Evidence of floral rewards inBrasiliorchissupports the convergent evolution of food‐hairs in Maxillariinae

“…Here, food‐hairs have been observed in a number of unrelated genera, suggesting that this floral reward has evolved independently several times (Pansarin and Maciel, 2017). In fact, food‐hairs have been recorded in Eria (Beck, 1914; Davies and Turner, 2004c), Dendrobium (Davies and Turner, 2004b), Polystachya (Davies et al, 2002; Pansarin and Amaral, 2006; Mytnik et al, 2021), Cyanaeorchis (Pansarin and Maciel, 2017) and certain members of Maxillariinae (e.g., Davies et al, 2000, 2003b, 2013; Krahl et al, 2015). Particular types of food‐hairs are commonly referred to as pseudopollen.…”

“…By contrast, the pseudopollen of Maxillaria mainly contains starch (Davies et al, 2000(Davies et al, , 2013. However, there is a paucity of information in the literature relating to the pollinators and pollination syndromes of orchid species that offer food-hairs as a reward, and so far, conclusive data are available only for Polystachya (Goss, 1977;Pansarin and Amaral, 2006), Cyanaeorchis (Pansarin and Maciel, 2017), and for certain Maxillariinae (Davies et al, 2003b(Davies et al, , 2013Krahl et al, 2015). In Maxillariinae, the offering of food-hairs has been reported for Maxillaria (Davies et al, 2000(Davies et al, , 2013, Camaridium (Krahl et al, 2015) and Heterotaxis (Davies et al, 2003b;Krahl et al, 2019).…”