Poligami menurut Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd: studi atas pengaruh pemikiran tafsir terhadap penetapan hukum

Abstract

This article examines Nasr Abu Zayd's (d. 2010) thought of tafsi> r and takes a close look at its implementation when he interprets "polygamy verses". With library research method and content analysis, I conclude that Abu Zayd uses thematic method of interpretation, by using contextual analysis approach. This method is similar to Fazlur Rahman's Double Movement method. Abu Zayd's contextual interpretation theory (al-qira> 'ah al-siya> qiyyah) operates in the following steps; first, turn to the meaning (ma'na> ) of the text in its historical and cultural context (ta> ri> khiyyat al-dala> lah); and second, implement its significance (maghza> ) in contemporary context. Based on his contextual analysis (al-qira> 'ah al-siya> qiyyah) to polygamy verses, Abu Zayd concludes that polygamy is not the final purpose Islamic teaching (shari> 'ah al-Isla> miyah). Polygamy is a temporal decision which is related to the very tight prerequisites. According to him, the significance (maghza> ) of the Qur'an text talking about polygamy is however justice and equality. Otherwise, Abu Zayd says that the implicit (masku> t 'anhu) final purpose of the revelation of "polygamy related-verses" are monogamy.Tulisan ini akan mengkajii pemikiran tafsir Nasr Abu Zayd (w. 2010) dan melihat penerapan metode tafsirnya ketika ia menjelaskan "ayat-ayat poligami." Dengan metode riset kepustakaan (library research) dan analisis isi (content analysis), penulis berkesimpulan bahwa Abû Zayd menggunakan metode tafsir tematik, dengan pendekatan (analisis) kontekstual. Metodenya ini mirip dengan metode Double Movement Fazlur Rahman. Adapun teori penafsiran kontekstual (al-qira> 'ah al-siya> qiyyah) Abu Zayd adalah sebagai berikut, pertama, kembali pada makna (ma'na> ) dalam konteks historis dan kultural teks (ta> ri> khiyyat al-dala> lah); dan kedua, menerapkan makna signifikansi (maghza> ) dalam konteks kontemporer. Berdasarkan analisis kontekstual (al-qira> 'ah al-siya> qiyyah)-nya atas "ayat-ayat poligami," Abu Zayd berkesimpulan bahwa poligami bukanlah tujuan (akhir) dari syariat Islam. Poligami adalah ketetapan temporal yang terkait persyaratan-persyaratan yang sangat ketat. Adapun signifikansi (maghza> ) teks al-Qur'an yang berbicara tentang poligami menurutnya justru adalah keadilan dan kesetaraan. Abu Zayd kemudian

Maghza Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd's Interpretation Concept As a Counter of Polygamy Pragmatism

“…However, Umar punished the Master by cutting off his hand if they both stole again. 'Umar did it based on the verse (nass) with a firm meaning (qat'i al-dalalah) (Surahman 2018;Zayd 1999).…”

“…Meanwhile, according to him, language is a human social product and a locus for a common culture. It also included the Qur'an, which according to him, is a historical act, namely an event that is manifested in history and conditioned by the mind of the object of discussion and the character of the social and cultural realities embodied in it (Surahman 2018;Syahridawaty 2020;Zayd 1999).…”

“…In addition, there is a negative jawabal--syart (al-manfi), which precedes fi'il al-syart (a negative conditional verb (al-manfi) which also uses adat "lau." Then the double negative condition at this level of meaning means the eternal negation of the possibility of being fair to wives, even though they want it (Surahman 2018;Zayd 1999).…”

Membaca Pemahaman Hadis Muḥammad Al-Ghazālī dan Yūsuf Al-Qarḍāwī: Studi Kasus Pemikiran Suryadi

“…25 Model tersebut dikaji dalam melihat kajian syarah hadis sebagaimana dalam Fath al-Bari oleh Agusni Yahya. 26 Kajian pemahaman hadis menjadi sebagai kelaziman dengan melibatkan hermeneutika sebagaimana yang sudah dikembangkan tokoh modern dalam bidang pemahaman hadis seperti Fazlur Raḥmān, 27 Khālid Abū Faḍl, 28 Fātimah Mernissi dan Riffat Ḥassan, 29 Naṣr Ḥamid Abū Zayd, 30 'Abdullāh Saeed, 31 dan Ḥassan Ḥanafī. 32 Mereka merupakan pioneer dalam memberikan pengkajian ulang kajian teks termasuk di dalamnya hadis dengan beragam pendekatan dan sesuai dengan kebutuhan kemanusiaan secara umum sesuai konteks tempat dan waktu sekarang.…”

Polygamy in Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd’s Perpective

“…In Surahman (2017) Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd interpreted the polygamy scriptures. He clarified that the verse's ultimate purpose is monogamy, not polygamy.…”