Policy options to promote energy efficient electric motors and drives in the EU

Almeida, Anı́bal T. de; Fong, João; Falkner, Hugh; Paolo, Bertoldi

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2017.01.112

Cited by 49 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…They emphasized that rare‐earth permanent magnets could constitute a significant bottleneck toward the commercialization of magnetocaloric refrigeration and heat pumping. In 2017, De Almeida et al identified a similar problem of rare‐earth permanent‐magnet materials in relation to their use in motors, namely, price instability/uncertainty due to the concentrated production of rare earth metals and the environmental impact of their mining and refining. To address these challenges, researchers are seeking for alternative permanent‐magnet materials with significantly lower heavy rare earth contents .…”

Section: Magnetocaloric Refrigeration and Heat Pumpingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Applications of Magnetocaloric Materials

Kitanovski

2020

Advanced Energy Materials

349

156

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The need for energy‐efficient and environmentally friendly refrigeration, heat pumping, air conditioning, and thermal energy harvesting systems is currently more urgent than ever. Magnetocaloric energy conversion is among the best available alternatives for achieving these technological goals and has been the subject of substantial basic and applied research over the last two decades. The subject is strongly interdisciplinary, requiring proper understanding and efficient integration of knowledge in different specialized fields. This review article presents a historical and up‐to‐date account of the energy‐related applications of magnetocaloric materials and information about their processing and magnetic fields, thermodynamics, heat transfer, and other relevant characteristics. The article also discusses the conceptual design of magnetocaloric refrigeration and power generation systems and some guidelines for future research in the field.

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Section: Magnetocaloric Refrigeration and Heat Pumpingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Applications of Magnetocaloric Materials

Kitanovski

2020

Advanced Energy Materials

349

156

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“…This aspect represents an increase in production costs and pollution levels that the industrial sector generates, because it is precisely electric motors that represent the highest percentage of energy consumption. According to [28], the electricity consumption for electric motors up to 0.75 kW represents 9% of the total, between 0.75 kW and 375 kW is 68% and the rest 23%. This work presents a use case for DC motors with a power consumption up to 0.75 kW.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FPGA-Based Architecture for Sensing Power Consumption on Parabolic and Trapezoidal Motion Profiles

et al. 2020

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The objective of this work is to design and implement a scalable Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)-based motion control system for DC servo motors using a parabolic velocity profile for industrial applications. The implementation in this device allows the obtaining of a fast, flexible and low-cost system. The system is divided into control, communication and closed-loop coupling. The work also addresses a comparative analysis of the most used profiles, the trapezoidal and parabolic. The comparison is made considering the energy consumption of both profiles. As a consequence of the comparison made, the velocity profile can be selected to reduce production costs by saving energy and reducing wear on machinery. The discrete models of the velocity profiles are obtained through numerical methods that permit the control blocks to be implemented in an FPGA. To reduce maintenance costs and energy consumption in servo mechanisms, the derivation of the acceleration or jerk of the motor is shown. A Graphic User Interface (GUI) is presented, which allows monitoring the position, velocity and angular acceleration of the motor shaft. In addition, the developed interface supports modification of parameters of the final position and maximum velocity in the motor. The delivered current is compared, evaluating its decrease using a parabolic velocity profile. Finally, the experimental results are illustrated.

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“…Nowadays, the three-phase induction motor with squirrel cage rotor represents more than 90% of the electric motors used in industry, contributing to more than 60% of industrial electricity consumption. This situation occurs, not only because the induction motors present low acquisition and maintenance costs and great robustness, but mainly due to constant technological evolution and the development of control techniques that have brought a wider variety of applications [1]- [3]. Conventionally, variable speed drives (VSDs) for induction motors employ a diode bridge rectifier in order to provide power to the dc-link from the power grid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the passive ac-dc converters have been replaced by active ac-dc converters, which present the following advantages as attractive [5], [6]: regulated voltage supply with low ripple to the dc-link; sinusoidal current consumption; maximization of the power factor; and bidirectional power flow, which allows an effective use of the electrical energy generated in braking or decelerating situations of the motor, returning it to the power grid instead of being dissipated in a resistor (braking resistor), or stored in storage elements such as ultracapacitors or batteries [7]. Significant technological advances have emerged in the field of VSDs over the last few years [1]. This growth has been felt in the market of electric motors, especially as regards the sale of induction motors, which has increased, and it is thought that it will continue to increase, not only because of the qualities they have in relation to the dc motors very used in the past, but mainly because of the evolution of VSDs, which has allowed the use of these motors in variable speed applications [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Significant technological advances have emerged in the field of VSDs over the last few years [1]. This growth has been felt in the market of electric motors, especially as regards the sale of induction motors, which has increased, and it is thought that it will continue to increase, not only because of the qualities they have in relation to the dc motors very used in the past, but mainly because of the evolution of VSDs, which has allowed the use of these motors in variable speed applications [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Three-Phase Bidirectional Variable Speed Drive: An Experimental Validation for a Three-Phase Induction Motor

Machado

Sousa

Pedrosa

et al. 2020

Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering

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This paper presents the implementation and subsequent experimental verification of an electronic variable speed drive (VSD) for driving an induction motor, which is composed by a three-phase ac-dc converter on the grid-side and by a three-phase dc-ac converter on the motor-side. With the proposed solution, besides driving the motor, it is possible to mitigate power quality problems on the grid-side (e.g., current harmonics and power factor) associated with the use of diode-bridge ac-dc converters in the conventional VSDs. Besides, with the proposed solution, a bidirectional operation is possible, allowing to deliver to the power grid the energy generated in motor braking processes. As demonstrated along the paper, with the proposed VSD, it is possible to control the motor speed (including the rotation direction), and the operation with sinusoidal currents and unitary power factor on the grid-side. A laboratory prototype was developed, permitting to perform an experimental validation and prove the main functionalities of the VSD.

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Policy options to promote energy efficient electric motors and drives in the EU

Cited by 49 publications

References 8 publications

Energy Applications of Magnetocaloric Materials

Energy Applications of Magnetocaloric Materials

FPGA-Based Architecture for Sensing Power Consumption on Parabolic and Trapezoidal Motion Profiles

A Three-Phase Bidirectional Variable Speed Drive: An Experimental Validation for a Three-Phase Induction Motor

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