The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated challenges for millions of students globally, leading to enrollment cliff. This study addresses the existing research gap by investigating the influence of students' mental health and various protective factors (i.e., optimism, help-seeking behaviors, social support) on academic persistence, an indicator of student retention. We utilized the structural equation modeling approach to examine the effect of students' mental health conditions, risk perception of COVID-19 and protective factors on academic persistence through a sample of 1,051 students from 45 states. Students' mental health positively predicted academic persistence. Risk perception of COVID-19 was negatively associated with mental health but positively predicted academic persistence and help-seeking behaviors. Optimism fully mediated the effect of mental health on help-seeking behaviors but did not mediate the effect of risk perception on help-seeking behaviors. Social support positively predicted academic persistence. This study underscores the integral role of mental health and protective factors in supporting student retention. Universities should develop targeted programs to address students' mental health needs and promote protective behaviors. These initiatives can enhance academic persistence, thereby aiding in the retention of students affected by this pandemic or any future global crisis.
Impact statementAs the world grapples with the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, the mental health toll on college students is substantial, and it has negatively affected their academic persistence and overall retention in higher education institutions. Our research sheds much-needed light on this crucial area, investigating the interplay between students' mental health, perceived COVID-19 risk, protective factors such as optimism, help-seeking behaviors and social support, and their impact on academic persistence. Our findings contribute to a deeper understanding of how these interconnected factors can shape educational outcomes during a pandemic or other crisis. By addressing these key issues, the study offers valuable insights to educators, administrators, policymakers and mental health professionals, enabling them to devise targeted intervention strategies that support student retention and mitigate educational disparities. The general public, particularly families with college-going students, can use these insights to better support their children's educational journey during such unprecedented times. Meanwhile, students themselves can gain a greater understanding of the protective factors that can bolster their resilience and academic persistence. In essence, our research speaks to the urgent need for comprehensive strategies that promote students' mental health and academic persistence in the face of global challengesa contribution that has the potential to foster more resilient educational communities globally.