Policy Determinants of Inequitable Exposure to the Criminal Legal System and Their Health Consequences Among Young People

Duarte, Catherine; Salas-Hernández, Leslie; Griffin, Joseph S.

doi:10.2105/ajph.2019.305440

Cited by 26 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…SROs are gatekeepers to the juvenile justice system. Youth are more likely to come in contact with the criminal legal system when there is an officer at their school, and this can have negative outcomes for their school connectedness (Theriot, 2016), educational attainment (Sweeten, 2006), positive development (Duarte et al, 2020), and legal future (Teske & Huff, 2011). Petteruti (2011) reported that schools with SROs arrest 3.5 times as many students as schools without SROs.…”

Section: The Promise Of Safe Schools At the Price Of Criminalizing Studentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defunding School Resource Officers: a New Commitment to Student Safety

Layton

Addo

2021

J of Pol Practice & Research

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The purpose of this paper is to outline the history of school-based policing, namely, the deployment of School Resource Officers (SROs), and examine the evidence of this program's impacts on school safety and on students in the USA. We offer a review of the literature documenting the costs and effects of SROs in US schools. More than two decades of research have not yielded evidence that police enhance school safety, but it has repeatedly been documented that embedding police in schools results in serious harms to minoritized students, especially those who are Black, disabled, LGBTQ, or low income. This review of the research makes clear that SROs have not delivered school safety and have caused considerable harm to marginalized students. It must therefore be a priority of the new administration to end schools' reliance on law enforcement to manage the students in their care and reinvest in the proven support that school-based social work affords to our youth.

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Section: The Promise Of Safe Schools At the Price Of Criminalizing Studentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defunding School Resource Officers: a New Commitment to Student Safety

Layton

Addo

2021

J of Pol Practice & Research

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“…Aggressive policing practices are socially structured exposures [ 7 , 8 ] that can increase vulnerability to disease via stress pathways [ 20 ] linked to mental [ 20 ] and physical [ 21 ] health outcomes. In addition, these practices can also increase the risk of poor behavioral health outcomes such as excessive alcohol use to cope with the stress of a police-initiated contact [ 22 , 23 ]. Past analyses indicate that police stops and abuse are associated with poor mental, physical, and behavioral health outcomes [ 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between Experiences of Police Contact and Discrimination by the Police and Courts and Health Outcomes in a Representative Sample of Adults in New York City

et al. 2021

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Communities marginalized because of racism, heterosexism, and other systems of oppression have a history of being aggressively policed, and in those contexts, researchers have observed associations between a range of negative experiences with police and poor physical, mental, and behavioral health outcomes. However, past studies have been limited in that experiences of police contacts were aggregated at the neighborhood level and, if police contacts were self-reported, the sample was not representative. To address these limitations, we employed NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene 2017 Social Determinants of Health Survey (n = 2335) data to examine the associations of self-reported police contacts and discrimination by police and the courts with measures of physical (poor physical health), mental (poor mental health, serious psychological distress), and behavioral health (binge drinking). Residents marginalized because of racial, ethnic, and sexual minority status were more likely to be stopped, searched, or questioned by the police; threatened or abused by the police; and discriminated against by the police or in the courts; those experiences were associated with poor physical, mental, and behavioral health outcomes. The associations between experiences with police and poor health outcomes were strongest among Black residents and residents aged 25–44. Our findings suggest that the health of NYC residents who have had exposure to police and experienced discrimination by the police and courts is poorer than those who have not, and build on a growing body of evidence that aggressive policing practices have implications for public health.

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“…Public health researchers and practitioners, beyond those working in legal epidemiology, have long been concerned about the deleterious consequences of law enforcement practices on the public's health (Simckes et al 2021). For instance, it is now well documented that certain kinds of police encountersespecially ones that are aggressive or stigmatisingcan result in bad outcomes for physical and mental health (Geller et al 2014, Sewell and Jefferson 2016, Duarte et al 2020. Like medicine, policing can have 'iatrogenic' effects Burris 2017, Goulka et al 2021), producing harm and deepening inequalities (Rafla-Yuan et al 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The policing and public health interface: insights from the COVID-19 pandemic

Wood

Griffin

2021

Policing and Society

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The policing and public health interface: some signposts Examining the policing and public health interface is important because it is well known that our most prevalent social problems, including violence, mental illness, substance abuse, and infectious diseases defy institutional boundaries (see Punch 2019). The fields of public safety and public health find themselves in crisis response mode far too often (Anderson and Burris 2017)reacting when people are shot by guns, experiencing a mental health crisis, suffering from the grips of addiction, or navigating the deadly risks of a global pandemic. No doubt, those working on the front lines wish such social ills could be prevented to forestall the harm and trauma experienced by people, those who care for them, and their communities. Tragically, the COVID-19 pandemic has laid bare the failures of prevention (Todorovic et al. 2020) and the urgency of finding better ways for policing and public health agents to work in harmony, both in strategy and in operations (Richards et al. 2006).Strengthening the policing and public health interface has been a practical goal for the Global Law Enforcement and Public Health Association (GLEPHA), whose mission is to advance 'research, understanding and practice at the intersection of law enforcement and public health' (Global Law Enforcement and Public Health Association 2021). Foundational to this agenda is working across geographic, theoretical, methodological, and institutional vantage points. In Braithwaite's terms,

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Policy Determinants of Inequitable Exposure to the Criminal Legal System and Their Health Consequences Among Young People

Cited by 26 publications

References 35 publications

Defunding School Resource Officers: a New Commitment to Student Safety

Defunding School Resource Officers: a New Commitment to Student Safety

Associations between Experiences of Police Contact and Discrimination by the Police and Courts and Health Outcomes in a Representative Sample of Adults in New York City

The policing and public health interface: insights from the COVID-19 pandemic

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