Policing Post-War Iraq: Insurgency, Civilian Police, and the Reconstruction of Society

Deflem, Mathieu; Sutphin, Suzanne

doi:10.1080/00380237.2006.10571289

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…This is consistent with previous research findings that daily stress is important to the mental health of civilians from conflict areas (Hobfoll et al, 2011;Laban et al, 2004) and police officers in low-conflict areas (Huddleston et al, 2007;Marmar et al, 2006). Daily stress may be increased for police in conflict areas because police officers can be subject to social exclusion (Deflem & Sutphin, 2006), which has been associated with greater posttraumatic symptoms (Trani & Bakhshi, 2013). Levels of life stress were quite high and similar in Iraqi recruits and Jordanian officers.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Recruitment of police from a population exposed to long-term conflict has occurred in Iraq, where thousands of civilians have been recruited into the Iraqi Police Service (IPS) after decades of violent conflict (Deflem & Sutphin, 2006). Virtually the entire population of Iraq has been exposed to traumatic stressors, such as life-threatening situations, violent deaths of friends and relatives and sudden loss of home.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trauma exposure and posttraumatic symptoms in Iraqi police recruits

Snell

Etter

Carlson

et al. 2016

International Journal of Culture and Mental Health

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When civilians exposed to high levels of traumatic stress take on security roles, posttraumatic symptoms may affect their work functioning and vulnerability to the severe stress of security work. We aimed to investigate levels of trauma exposure and posttraumatic symptoms in police recruits from a high-conflict area (Iraq) relative to police from a culturally similar, low-conflict area (Jordan). Iraqi police recruits reported significantly higher levels of trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and dissociative symptoms than Jordanian police. Iraqi recruits and Jordanian police both reported high levels of current life stress. Among Iraqi police recruits, trauma exposure and current life stress were both significantly related to PTSD and dissociation symptoms. Results indicate that those in training for security positions in high violence areas should be screened for posttraumatic stress symptoms and provided appropriate support and mental health care. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trauma exposure and posttraumatic symptoms in Iraqi police recruits

Snell

Etter

Carlson

et al. 2016

International Journal of Culture and Mental Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Another major problematic assumption of the classical model of police reconstruction is how it assumes that new recruits to the police force identify with the state and new government and see policing as a legitimate institution, despite this often not being the case (Deflem & Sutphin, ; Johnathan‐Zamir & Harpaz, ; Wozniak, ). Indeed, it would likely be more effective to assume just the opposite, as typically the reason a police force is undergoing reconstruction is due to the state's emergence from a totalitarian, dictatorial, or otherwise illegitimate and distrusted government.…”

Section: The Classical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These perceptions, fueled in large part by how strongly individual officers identify with the organization, greatly dictate officer behavior; those with a weaker sense of self‐legitimacy are more sensitive to provocations and more likely to use force, as opposed to officers who view the force and themselves as legitimate who express more support for procedurally just policing and the rights of suspects (Bradford & Quinton, ). Furthermore, a lack of self‐legitimacy contributes to the high rates of personnel turnover and desertion experienced by these forces (Deflem & Sutphin, ; Pianin, ).…”

Section: The Classical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post‐conflict police reconstruction:Major trends and developments

Wozniak

2018

Sociology Compass

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Scholars have established effective and impartial policing regimes that are central to the development and maintenance of democratic states, especially in post‐conflict scenarios as the international community attempts to rebuild nations in the wake of dictatorial rule. Yet despite how common such efforts are, there remain serious gaps in the academic literature regarding this central aspect of state reconstruction. Recognizing that the model which is most commonly employed in practiced is woefully insufficient, scholars have begun to coalesce around a newer, more reflexive approach toward police reconstruction which more seriously grapples with the many political, economic, and social questions inherent to such efforts. However, despite this growth of the field, there remain significant gaps in the literature, especially around personnel recruitment and resource allocation. This article offers an explanation of these two models of post‐conflict police reconstruction, while explicating the remaining gaps in our collective knowledge.

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“…There are indeed some studies that have been published in the generalist U.S. journals regarding the violence of the Iraq War, such as studies on insurgent strategy (Deflem & Sutphin, ) and U.S. counterinsurgent strategy (Reed & Segal, ; Roxborough, ). But very little of this work attends to the war's consequences for Iraqi civilians or Iraqi society.…”

Section: Dynamics Of Violence In the Us‐iraq Warmentioning

confidence: 99%

U.S. sociology and the Iraq War

Bonds

2017

Sociology Compass

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The 2003 U.S. invasion and subsequent occupation of Iraq had profound consequences for the people living in that nation. In this essay, I provide a brief overview of the dramatic changes that transpired in Iraq due to the war. I then move on to highlight the contributions U.S. sociologists have made in studies regarding the conflict, based on a review of articles published from 2003-2016 in ten generalist U.S.-based journals. My review shows that while U.S. sociology has made significant contributions to further collective knowledge about American aspects of the Iraq War, U.S.sociologists have paid very little attention to the actual impacts of the invasion and occupation on Iraqi social organizations, Iraqi culture, and on the lives of individual Iraqis. I make the case that these historically significant events deserve more scholarly attention than they have been given so far. I further argue that U.S. sociologists have a special responsibility to document, study, and explain the consequences of their government's behavior when it causes extensive harm to people living in another land.

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Policing Post-War Iraq: Insurgency, Civilian Police, and the Reconstruction of Society

Cited by 16 publications

References 10 publications

Trauma exposure and posttraumatic symptoms in Iraqi police recruits

Trauma exposure and posttraumatic symptoms in Iraqi police recruits

Post‐conflict police reconstruction:Major trends and developments

U.S. sociology and the Iraq War

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