Trauma exposure and posttraumatic symptoms in Iraqi police recruits

Snell, Tori; Etter, Darryl; Carlson, Eve B.; McCaslin, Shannon E.

doi:10.1080/17542863.2016.1177731

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…To classify as having probable full or partial PTSD, participants must report: (1) 1 or more of the 5 re-experiencing items, (2) 3 or more of the 7 avoidance items, and (3) 2 or more of the 5 arousal items. This scale was used because, (1) it was validated with first responders in 2 Arabic countries (Snell et al. , 2016; Alghamdi et al ., 2017) and (2) it is a valid measure for capturing multiple traumas such as those experienced by paramedics in their work (Brewin, 2005; Hamblen, 2004).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coping strategies and social support are associated with post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in Saudi paramedics

Alshahrani

Johnson

O’Connor

2022

IJES

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PurposeThree main objectives of this study were as follows: (1) To estimate the prevalence rate of post-traumatic stress disordered (PTSD) symptoms among Saudi paramedics, (2) To investigate which types of coping strategies were associated with PTSD symptoms among Saudi paramedics, (3) To explore which sources of social support were associated with PTSD symptoms among Saudi paramedics.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 217 paramedics working in the Saudi Red Crescent Authority from September to December 2019. Participants completed questionnaires measuring PTSD symptoms (the Screen of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders; SPTSD), passive and active coping strategies (Brief COPE Scale; BC), and three forms of social support: support from friends, family and organizational support. Associations between coping strategies, social support and PTSD symptoms were investigated using correlational analyses, hierarchical linear regression and binary logistic regression.Findings46% of participants experienced one or more PTSD symptom, 28.6% scored above the cut-off for partial PTSD and 17.5% scored above the cut-off for full PTSD. PTSD symptoms were significantly positively correlated with passive coping and negatively associated with both family and friends support. Passive coping was positively associated with a greater risk of meeting criteria for PTSD.Originality/valueThe current findings suggest that interventions to help reduce PTSD in Saudi paramedics should include strategies to reduce passive coping. Future research is urgently required to help understand the psychological, social and work-related factors that contribute to these high levels of PTSD.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coping strategies and social support are associated with post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in Saudi paramedics

Alshahrani

Johnson

O’Connor

2022

IJES

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“…Although PTE are necessary to develop PTSI, mental health symptoms and disorders are multi-determined and other risk and protective factors contribute to explaining their incidence. The symptoms of PTSD are more severe in PSP with a personal history of mental disorders and traumatic experiences (Lee et al, 2017; Wild et al, 2016) and in those who experience more life stressors in general (Kehl et al, 2015; Ménard & Arter, 2013; Park et al, 2018; Snell et al, 2016). Chronic workplace stressors, including organizational stressors (e.g., favoritism), and operational stressors (e.g., shift work; Donnelly et al, 2014) are related to the severity of symptoms of PTSD in PSP (Donnelly et al, 2016; Kim et al, 2018; Ménard & Arter, 2013; van der Ploeg & Kleber, 2003).…”

Section: Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing the impacts of exposure to potentially traumatic events on the mental health of public safety personnel: A rapid systematic scoping review.

Corthésy-Blondin¹,

Genest²,

Dargis³

et al. 2022

Psychological Services

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Police, firefighters, and emergency medical technicians and paramedics are frequently exposed to potentially traumatic events (PTE) in their work as public safety personnel (PSP). PTE are a risk factor for posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, substance abuse, and suicidal ideation. This systematic rapid scoping review summarizes evaluation research on psychosocial interventions to reduce the negative consequences of exposure to work-related PTE on the mental health of PSP. Articles were identified using PubMed and PsycInfo. Publications from January 1, 2013, to December 1, 2020, were retained because the research published before 2013 was covered by other reviews. We identified 601 unique documents; 30 met preliminary eligibility criteria; and 18 were retained. Most studies were limited to police officers and firefighters. Participants exposed to prevention measures reported improvements of symptoms of depression, burnout, anxiety, sleep problems, and well-being. Most articles identified factors that may hinder or facilitate the use of program components. Studies on ways to support PSP recently affected by a PTE are lacking. There are little data on the efficacy of prevention programs in reducing the prevalence of mental disorders associated with PTE. More studies should focus on identifying participant characteristics and intervention components that influence program use, adherence, and efficacy. Realistic evaluations combined with participatory research could help address important knowledge gaps.

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Association between baseline dissociation levels and stress-induced state dissociation in patients with posttraumatic-stress disorder, borderline personality disorder, and major depressive disorder

Graumann

Heekerens

Duesenberg

et al. 2023

bord personal disord emot dysregul

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Introduction Dissociative symptoms are highly prevalent in patients with trauma-related disorders such as borderline personality disorder (BPD) and posttraumatic-stress disorder (PTSD), and also occur in patients with depressive disorders. Acute dissociative states are theorized to be stress-related, and some individuals experience recurring patterns of dissociation. The relationship between the intensity of dissociative episodes (trait-like dissociation) and acute dissociative states, however, is incompletely understood. In the present study, we investigated how levels of baseline (trait-like) dissociation relate to changes in dissociative states during a laboratory stress induction. Methods Our female sample comprised 65 patients with BPD and/or PTSD, 84 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and 44 non-clinical controls (NCC). Baseline dissociation was assessed at the start of the study using the Dissociation Tension Scale past week version (DSS-7). All participants underwent the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) and a placebo version (P-TSST). Before and after the TSST or P-TSST, state dissociation was assessed using the Dissociation Tension Scale acute (DSS-4). We used structural equation models to estimate changes in state dissociation items (somatoform dissociation, derealization, depersonalization, analgesia), and to test whether these changes relate to levels of baseline dissociation. Results We found significant increases in all state dissociation items in response to the TSST in patients with BPD and/or PTSD and patients with MDD, but not in NCCs. Increases in somatoform dissociation and derealization during the TSST were significantly related to higher levels of baseline dissociation in patients with BPD and/or PTSD, but not in patients with MDD or NCCs. Results indicate no significant changes in state dissociation during the P-TSST. Conclusion Our results replicate earlier findings that patients with BPD and/or PTSD report higher levels of stress-related state dissociation than NCC and extend them to patients with MDD. In addition, our findings indicate that baseline levels of dissociation relate to stress-induced changes in state dissociation among patients with BPD and PTSD, but not patients with MDD. In clinical applications, measures of baseline dissociation could be used to facilitate the prediction and treatment of stress-related dissociative states in patients with BPD and/or PTSD.

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Trauma exposure and posttraumatic symptoms in Iraqi police recruits

Cited by 3 publications

References 18 publications

Coping strategies and social support are associated with post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in Saudi paramedics

Coping strategies and social support are associated with post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in Saudi paramedics

Reducing the impacts of exposure to potentially traumatic events on the mental health of public safety personnel: A rapid systematic scoping review.

Association between baseline dissociation levels and stress-induced state dissociation in patients with posttraumatic-stress disorder, borderline personality disorder, and major depressive disorder

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