“…Other key abilities required of an officer in a community policing construct relate to the use of discretion in practical situations (Birzer & Tannehill, 2001;Marenin, 2004;Vodde, 2012). Critics of the US, UK, Canadian and Australian approaches to general police training (Birzer & Tannehill, 2001;Bradford & Pynes, 1999;Chan, 1997;Cioccarelli, 1989;Lorinkas, & Kulis, 1986;Mahoney & Prenzler, 1996;Vodde, 2012;Wimshurst & Ransley, 2007) have variously lamented that training remains anchored to a traditional, pedagogical, military model that does not adequately address the skill, knowledge or attribute requirements of police working in the current societal context.…”