Polarographic Determination of Phthalate Esters in Plastics

Whitnack, Gerald C.; Gantz, E. St. Clair

doi:10.1021/ac60076a005

Cited by 24 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Similarly, they added DBP in synthetic propellant (6.49% and 6.95%) and found 6.49% and 6.97%, respectively, again with very good recovery. Whitnack and Gantz [136] suggested a DC polarographic method for the determination of some phthalates such as DMP, DEP, DBP, DPhP and DOP, particularly in plastic, but also in explosives or resins. They prepared all standard solutions in 75% ethanol or acetone medium and used 0.1M tetramethylammonium chloride (TMACl) as a csupporting electrolyte to broaden potential window.…”

Section: Polarographic Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods for the Determination of Endocrine-Disrupting Phthalate Esters

Qureshi

Yusoff

Wirzal

et al. 2015

Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry

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Phthalates are endocrine disruptors frequently occurring in the general and industrial environment and in many industrial products. Moreover, they are also suspected of being carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic, and they show diverse toxicity profiles depending on their structures. The European Union and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) have included many phthalates in the list of priority substances with potential endocrine-disrupting action. They are: dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), butylbenzyl phthalate (BBP), diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), di-iso-nonyl phthalate (DINP), di-iso-decyl phthalate (DIDP), di-n-decyl phthalate (DnDP), and dioctyl phthalate (DOP). There is an ever-increasing demand for new analytical methods suitable for monitoring different phthalates in various environmental, biological, and other matrices. Separation and spectrometric methods are most frequently used. However, modern electroanalytical methods can also play a useful role in this field because of their high sensitivity, reasonable selectivity, easy automation, and miniaturization, and especially low investment and running costs, which makes them suitable for large-scale monitoring. Therefore, this review outlines possibilities and limitations of various analytical methods for determination of endocrine-disruptor phthalate esters in various matrices, including somewhat neglected electroanalytical methods.

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Section: Polarographic Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods for the Determination of Endocrine-Disrupting Phthalate Esters

Qureshi

Yusoff

Wirzal

et al. 2015

Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry

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“…In addition to inorganic contaminants of natural water, the single-sweep polarographic method of analysis provides a quick screening method to identify and determine many organic pollutants if they find their way into the water supply (12,13). Typical data for explosives such as nitroglycerine, TNT, RDX, 1,2-propylene glycol dinitrate, and 2,4-dinitrotoluene in natural water are shown in Figures 6, 7 , and 8.…”

Section: A Previous Contribution By Offner and Witucki (7)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Typical data for explosives such as nitroglycerine, TNT, RDX, 1,2-propylene glycol dinitrate, and 2,4-dinitrotoluene in natural water are shown in Figures 6, 7 , and 8. Plasticizers, such as diethyl phthalate and dibutyl sebacate can be identified and measured in admixture if they enter the water supply (14). Typical data are shown in Figure 9.…”

Section: A Previous Contribution By Offner and Witucki (7)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-sweep polarographic techniques useful in micropollution studies of ground and surface waters

Whitnack¹

1975

Anal. Chem.

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Single-sweep polarography offers many advantages to the chemist who is faced with the control and analysis of water quality today. Some of these such as a technique that can characterize soluble species; a highly sensitive (parts-perblllion) method suitable for fleld operation, automation, and continuous monltoring; and direct analyses, with preconcentration or separation of the micropollutant from the water sample many times unnecessary, and matrix problems of interference minimized, are discussed. Single-sweep polarographic procedures have been developed in these laboratories that have proved useful In detecting and analyzing for a number of micropollutants of river water, well and spring water, tap water, sea water, and effluent waters from many sources. Potential methods of analysis are discussed for chromium (Crl" and Cr"), arsenic (As111 and AsV) and iodine (I-and 103-) soluble ionic species. Some uranium, selenium, lead, cadmium, tellurium, thallium, manganese, copper, nickel, and zinc ionic species were also studied and techniques are presented for thelr analysis. Techniques for the single-sweep polarographic analysis of traces of explosives and plasticizers in water, such as nitroglycerine, 1,2-propylene glycol dlnitrate, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3-5-hexahydrotrlazlne (RDX), diethyl phthalate, and dibutyl sebacate are also presented and discussed.Single-sweep polarography ( 1 ) is a simple, rapid, and inexpensive method of trace element analysis that offers many advantages in the surveillance and control of micropollutants that may find their way into our ground and surface water supplies.It is the purpose of this research to present and describe some useful single-sweep polarographic techniques that have been developed and used in this laboratory (2, 3 ) for detecting and measuring directly extremely low levels of cationic and anionic species as well as some organic micropollutants in natural water. These techniques require little or no prior concentration of the pollutant and only a few milliters of sample is needed for the analysis. EXPERIMENTALIn general, ground water is purer than surface water due to the fact t h a t it is more remote both physically and in time from environmental pollution. Since the drinking and doniestic water supply of this Center (NWC) is obtained from fairly deep and uncontaminated wells (200 to 800 feet), it was decided to use this water as a standard to establish a norm or base line from which toxic micropollutants might be rapidly detected and measured if they entered the water supply. This water provided a large supply of a relatively low level metal soluble species and low level organic material supporting electrolyte for the polarographic studies. The well water used is very low in organic ligands which are potentially strong complexing agents and interfere seriously in some trace element analysis. This was determined by standard additions of both CuL+ and Zn2+ to the well water. The single-sweep polarograms for both Cu2+ and Zn2+ proved to be linea...

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“…This would be sufficient for large scale monitoring of phthalates enabled by low investment and running costs of electroanalytical methods. Phthalates are polarographically reducible at highly negative potentials requiring tetraalkylammonium salts in mixed alcohol-water as a supporting electrolyte [21]. Their reduction at dropping mercury electrode (DME) studied in [22], was used for determination of several phthalates [23,24] with LOQ around 10 À5 M. Differential pulse polarography (DPP) was successfully applied for determination of total phthalates in 10 À4 -10 À6 M concentration range in waste waters [25] or in emulsified media [26].…”

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confidence: 99%

Voltammetric Determination of Aliphatic Phthalate Esters at a Hanging Mercury Drop Minielectrode and a Meniscus Modified Silver Solid Amalgam Electrode

et al. 2010

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A new simple, fast and sensitive differential pulse voltammetric method was developed for the determination of different aliphatic phthalates. Dibutyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, didecyl phthalate, and diallyl phthalate can be determined in 0.1 M tetramethylammonium bromide in methanol using a hanging mercury drop minielectrode and a meniscus modified silver solid amalgam electrode. Optimum conditions were found including concentration and composition of supporting electrolyte and solvent, scan rate, pulse amplitude, pulse width, etc. Linear calibration curves were obtained for 10 À5 and 10 À6 M and for hanging mercury drop minielectrode also for 10 À7 M.

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Polarographic Determination of Phthalate Esters in Plastics

Cited by 24 publications

References 13 publications

Methods for the Determination of Endocrine-Disrupting Phthalate Esters

Methods for the Determination of Endocrine-Disrupting Phthalate Esters

Single-sweep polarographic techniques useful in micropollution studies of ground and surface waters

Voltammetric Determination of Aliphatic Phthalate Esters at a Hanging Mercury Drop Minielectrode and a Meniscus Modified Silver Solid Amalgam Electrode

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