Polarizing computer-generated holograms

Hossfeld, Jens

doi:10.1117/12.143304

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Polarization-selective holograms have been fabricated with various techniques, including optical recording of dichromated gelatin, 9,10 organic media, 11 and photorefractive crystals, 12 as well as lithographic recording of polarization foil. 13 However, we are primarily interested in a particular type of polarizationselective hologram-the birefringent CGH, that is, a CGH fabricated in birefringent media. 14 -17 A conventional kinoform CGH is a two-dimensional ͑2-D͒ phase profile that transforms the input light ͑e.g., a plane wave͒ into the desired output ͑e.g., an array of points͒.…”

Section: A Birefringent Computer-generated-hologram Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Polarization-controlled multistage switch based on polarization-selective computer-generated holograms

Krishnamoorthy

Ford

et al. 1997

Appl. Opt.

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We describe a polarization-controlled free-space optical multistage interconnection network based on polarization-selective computer-generated holograms: optical elements that are capable of imposing arbitrary, independent phase functions on horizontally and vertically polarized monochromatic light. We investigate the design of a novel nonblocking space-division photonic switch architecture. The multistage-switch architecture uses a fan-out stage, a single stage of 2 x 2 switching elements, and a fan-in stage. The architecture is compatible with several control strategies that use 1 x 2 and 2 x 2 polarization-controlled switches to route the input light beams. One application of the switch is in a passive optical network in which data is optically transmitted through the switch with a time-of-flight delay but without optical-to-electrical conversions at each stage. We have built and characterized a proof-of-principle 4 x 4 free-space switching network using three cascaded stages of arrayed birefringent computer-generated holographic elements. Data modulated at 20 MHz/channel were transmitted through the network to demonstrate transparent operation.

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Section: A Birefringent Computer-generated-hologram Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Polarization-controlled multistage switch based on polarization-selective computer-generated holograms

Krishnamoorthy

Ford

et al. 1997

Appl. Opt.

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“…6 Also, polarization-selective amplitude-modulated CGH's have been made by laser bleaching of thin polarizing films. 7 Two of these films in contact provided a contrast ratio of 15-30 to 1 between two orthogonal polarizations, with a diffraction efficiency of ,9%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polarization-selective computer-generated holograms: design, fabrication, and applications

Ford

Fainman

1995

Appl. Opt.

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We constructed polarization-selective computer-generated holograms that apply an independent phase profile during readout by horizontal and vertical light polarizations. These elements are composed of two surface-relief-etched birefringent substrates joined face to face. We describe the design methodology for arbitrary birefringent substrate and gap materials. We show how these holograms are fabricated with standard microelectronics technology and discuss the effects of etching and alignment errors on performance. We demonstrated a diffraction efficiency of 60% with a polarization contrast ratio of >100:1 using a multilevel phase hologram made from two birefringent lithium niobate substrates. We also showed that a single-layer SiO(2) thin-film antireflection coating on all surfaces can reduce reflections from the high-index substrates without significant effect on hologram performance. We also consider some possible applications of this technology and demonstrate experimentally a dual focal-length lens and a self-interconnecting binary 2 × 2 polarization switch.

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