Polar glass ceramics — A new family of electroceramic materials: Tailoring the piezoelectric and pyroelectric properties

Nanocrystallization of fresnoite glass. I. Nucleation and growth kinetics

“…Such glass-ceramics have been obtained by two methods. The first one consists in inducing surface crystallization with subsequent textured growth towards the specimens center, as demonstrated by Halliyal et al [4,17,18]. In the second one, glassceramics are prepared by electrochemical nucleation of melts, with electrodes inserted into a glass melt and a dc-potential of a few eV applied [2].…”

Oriented Nucleation of both Ge-Fresnoite and Benitoite/BaGe4O9 during the Surface Crystallisation of Glass Studied by Electron Backscatter Diffraction

“…Apart from growing single crystals in the Czochralski process, glass-ceramic materials containing oriented BTG crystals have been produced via the surface crystallization of glasses789101112131415161718192021222324. Highly oriented glass-ceramics containing e.g.…”

“…In order to suppress bulk nucleation7 and to increase the degree of crystal orientation7, the surface crystallization experiments have been modified using a temperature gradient789101112 or an ultrasonic treatment of the surface13. However, other experiments showed that oriented crystallization at the surface also occurs without these experimental efforts1415161718192021222324.…”

“…d 33 -values from 3 to 24 × 10 −12  m/V have been reported in various glass-ceramics789101112131415 but it is noteworthy that Takahashi et al used the Marker Fringe technique and different refractive indices in the calculations for some articles1314. The d 33 -values increase if the topmost layer of crystals is removed and are hence linked to the degree of crystal orientation in the glass-ceramic19.…”

Orientated crystallization of fresnoite glass-ceramics by using a thermal gradient

“…1 Furthermore, the crystal structure was obviously shown by Moore in 1967. 2 Fresnoite is a tetragonal crystal in space group P4bm.…”