Poisoning Parent-Child Relationships Through the Manipulation of Names

Warshak, Richard A.

doi:10.1080/01926187.2014.968066

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…They may also withdraw love and affection when the child talks positively about the TP (Baker & Verrocchio, 2013, 2015), leading the child to fully and openly reject the TP, or to compartmentalize their feelings and show one “face” to the AP and another to the TP (Dunne & Hedrick, 1994; Garber, 2014). Some APs force and reward their children for rejecting the TP (e.g., not say hello at a sporting event; López et al, 2014; Verrocchio et al, 2017), or for using the same derogatory labels that the AP uses to describe them (Warshak, 2015b). The AP will interrogate children for information after visits with the TP (Baker & Darnall, 2006; López et al, 2014), and even make them throw away all clothing, gifts, or reminders of the TP after they return from visits with them (Harman & Biringen, 2018).…”

Section: Family Violencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nearly all TPs report that the AP has used some form of badmouthing and derogation, either directly or indirectly, and often in front of a child (Baker & Darnall, 2006; Godbout & Parent, 2012; Harman et al, 2016b; Kruk, 2011; López et al, 2014; McMurray & Blackmore, 1993). This form of psychological aggression is common because it is a “potent technique to undermine the child’s love and respect for parents and other relatives” (Warshak, 2015b, p. 13). Alienating parents will go to great lengths to destroy the TP’s credibility (Gith, 2013; Lowenstein, 2015).…”

Section: Family Violencementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Parental alienating behaviors: An unacknowledged form of family violence.

Harman

Kruk

Hines

2018

Psychological Bulletin

106

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Despite affecting millions of families around the world, parental alienation has been largely unacknowledged or denied by legal and health professionals as a form of family violence. This complex form of aggression entails a parental figure engaging in the long-term use of a variety of aggressive behaviors to harm the relationship between their child and another parental figure, and/or to hurt the other parental figure directly because of their relationship with their child. Like other forms of family violence, parental alienation has serious and negative consequences for family members, yet victims are often blamed for their experience. In order to be recognized as a form of family violence and to secure protection for victims under law and social policies, a formal review and comparison of parental alienating behaviors and outcomes to child abuse and intimate partner violence has been sorely needed. The result of this review highlights how the societal denial of parental alienation has been like the historical social and political denial or other forms of abuse in many parts of the world (e.g., child abuse a century ago). Reframing parental alienating behaviors as a form of family violence also serves as a desperate call to action for social scientists to focus more theoretical and empirical attention to this topic. Public Significance StatementThis article presents parental alienating behaviors as a form of family violence with serious consequences for children and families. Professional recognition of parental alienation and the alienating behaviors that cause it is a necessary first step toward stimulating much needed research in this area and in the development and testing of effective clinical, educational, and legal interventions to prevent and mitigate the damaging effects of this form of family violence.

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Section: Family Violencementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Family Violencementioning

confidence: 99%

Parental alienating behaviors: An unacknowledged form of family violence.

Harman

Kruk

Hines

2018

Psychological Bulletin

106

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“…For example, Baker and Darnall (2006) include, as a form of bad-mouthing, the strategy of referring to the other parent by first name when talking with the child. Warshak (2015b) described the manipulation of names as one of the least ambiguous signs of alienating behavior. But using the other parent’s first name when speaking with the children on two occasions, in the immediate aftermath of a separation, at the height of anger, and followed by a return to normal usage of “your mom” or “your dad,” does not mean the parent is alienating the children.…”

Section: Sources Of False Positive Identifications Of Parental Aliena...mentioning

confidence: 99%

When evaluators get it wrong: False positive IDs and parental alienation.

Warshak¹

2020

Psychology, Public Policy, and Law

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Allegations that a parent has manipulated a child to turn against the other parent raise complex issues challenging child custody evaluators, expert witnesses, and courts. A key issue relates to false positive identifications of parental alienation-concluding that parental alienation exists in cases where it really does not. Such mistaken conclusions fuel concerns about the application of parental alienation in family law cases and contribute to skepticism about the concept. This article discusses mistaken conclusions that a child is alienated and that a parent has engaged in a campaign of alienating behavior. The article emphasizes that evaluators should thoroughly investigate reasonable alternative explanations of the children's and parents' behaviors, including attention to seven criteria that distinguish irrationally alienated children from children whose negative or rejecting behaviors do not constitute parental alienation. Evaluators should also investigate various reasons for a child's preference for one parent. Further, alienating behavior-seen in different degrees of intensity, frequency, and duration-can reflect different motivations. Evaluators, experts, and judges who do not attend to the nuances of alienating behaviors are likely to reach false conclusions about the significance of the behaviors and make recommendations that do not serve children's best interests. Finally, evaluators should attend to their overt and covert judgment biases and to the complexity of parental alienation issues in order to reduce the likelihood of faulty opinions that a child is alienated, or that a parent has engaged in alienating behaviors.

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“…Hence, parental complaints are most times the result of actual child abuse and the Justice system runs the risk of failing to provide protection, based on a false argument that the minor is being manipulated by the custodial parent [6,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. However, despite this evidence, some authors still support that accusations of maltreatment or abuse toward minors advocated by Gardner are frequent [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So judicial manipulation is harmful and devastating for the victim parent, but also extremely serious for the child. As stated above, the PAS, which focuses on the effect of manipulative behavior on the parents and the children, provides a popular approach to this issue [18,24,[26][27][28][29]. However, other authors [13,14,33,34] argue that most assumptions derived from the PAS are questionable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Dark Triad and the Detection of Parental Judicial Manipulators. Development of a Judicial Manipulation Scale

Clemente

Padilla-Racero

Espinosa

2020

IJERPH

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This research examines the relationship between dark triad and the use that some parents make of their children in order to attack the other parent after a couple break-up. We examined whether parents who are willing to lie about issues concerning the other parent and their children during a couple break-up process show higher levels of dark triad traits. Across two different samples of divorced participants (N = 1085 and N = 249), we measured dark triad traits and willingness to engage in judicial manipulation. The objective of this study was to build a judicial manipulation scale to measure willingness to lie and use children to harm the other parent that could be used in professional practice. Results show significant correlations for judicial manipulation and dark triad traits and confirm the psychometric properties of reliability and validity of a proposed scale. We found that dark triad traits are adequate indicators of judicial manipulation. We discuss the importance of the scale to help the judicial system to determine which parent is the most appropriate to be designated as the legal custodial parent.

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Poisoning Parent-Child Relationships Through the Manipulation of Names

Cited by 6 publications

References 10 publications

Parental alienating behaviors: An unacknowledged form of family violence.

Parental alienating behaviors: An unacknowledged form of family violence.

When evaluators get it wrong: False positive IDs and parental alienation.

The Dark Triad and the Detection of Parental Judicial Manipulators. Development of a Judicial Manipulation Scale

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