Poisoning of cattle by certain nitrate-containing plants

Dodd, D.C.; Coup, M. R.

doi:10.1080/00480169.1957.33254

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Brassica crops have been linked with nutritional problems in ruminants, particularly when herbage had high N03-N concentrations. Brakenridge (1956) and Dodd and Coup (1957) reported N03-N toxicity in turnip-fed cattle. The relationship between N03-N concentration in Brassica crops and N03-N toxicity in ruminants, however, is not clear.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Variation in Chemical Composition of Forage Brassicas. II. Mineral Imbalances and Antiquality Constituents

Guillard

Allinson

1989

Agronomy Journal

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Although the nutritional value of Brassica crops is apparently high, antiquality constituents and elevated concentrations of certain minerals in herbage may negatively affect animal performance. This paper reports on seasonal variation of Ca/P, K/(Ca + Mg), and (K + Ca)/Mg ratios, and concentrations of thiocyanate (SCN−) and nitrate (NO−3‐N) in various Brassica crops. Turnip (B. rapa L.), rape (B. napus L.), swede (B. napus L.), and Tyfon [B. rapa L. × B. pekinensis (Lour.) Rupr.) were no‐till seeded in Connecticut on a Paxton fine sandy loam soil (coarse‐loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Dystrochrept) in summer and autumn of 1983 and 1984. Kale (B. oleracea L. var. acephala DC.) and the species listed above were seeded in the summer of 1987 and autumn of 1986 and 1987, to determlne NO−3‐N partitioning. Foliage Ca/P ratios were above 1:1 to 2:1, whereas root ratios were close to or slightly below this range. Ratios of Ca/P were significantly greater in summer than in autumn. The (K + Ca)/Mg ratio in 1983 exceeded the maximum desirable limit of 5.2 in autumn foliage and roots. Only turnip root ratios exceeded 5.2 in 1984. Concentrations of SCN− ranged from 160 to 840 mg kg−1 in foliage and from 274 to 845 mg kg−1 in roots. Foliage concentrations of NO−3‐N ranged from 21 to 1011 mg kg−1 in summer and from 2293 to 4750 mg kg−1 in autumn. Concentrations of NO−3‐N were lower in roots and showed the same seasonal pattern as foliage. Accumulation of NO−3‐N was highest in stems and petioles, lowest in leaf laminae, and intermediate in roots. Nitrate toxicity risk may be greater for ruminants grazed on autumn‐grown Brassica than those grazed on summer‐grown Brassica. Supplementation of P and iodine, controlled intake of Brassica crops, or addition of roughages should reduce concerns about mineral imbalances or antigrowth constituents associated with these forages.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Variation in Chemical Composition of Forage Brassicas. II. Mineral Imbalances and Antiquality Constituents

Guillard

Allinson

1989

Agronomy Journal

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“…Acute toxicity, generally resulting in rapid death, caused by the ingestion of plants containing very high levels of nitrate has been reported in this country (Laing and Meln tosh 1947;Dodd and Coup 1957). Nitrate is a normal and highly variable constituent and metabolite of plant cells, but docs not usually reach dangerous levels except in certain species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Nitrate reduction in the rumen of the grazing sheep

Jamieson¹

1959

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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Nitrate, a normal component of pasture, shows marked fluctuations in its concentration in the plant. Nitrate and comparatively smaIl amounts of nitrite have been detected in the rumen contents of sheep on such pasture.The effect of adding moderate amounts of nitrate to the rumen of the grazing sheep has been studied. The rumen of the sheep on pasture is capable of handling comparatively large amounts of nitrate under normal circumstances without noticeable ill-effect. Any adverse effects due to the oxidising nature of the nitrate ion were surmounted within three to four days. The results reported tend to indicate a slight stimulation of rumen function after continuous daily nitrate dosing. Under such conditions the sheep exhibited a sustained but fluctuating methaemoglobinaemia with peak values of about 35% conversion of total haemoglobin to methaemoglobin.

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“…O quadro de metemoglobinemia causada pelo excesso de nitritos é descrito em bovinos que ingeriram A. hybridus, A. viridis, A. retroflexus e, em caprinos e em ovinos, pela ingestão de A. retroflexus (Brackenridge 1956, Dodd & Coup 1957, Egyed & Miller 1963, Cursack & Romano 1967, Strom 1967, Duckworth 1975, Rivera et al 1984.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Intoxicação natural por Amaranthus spinosus (Amaranthaceae) em ovinos no Sudeste do Brasil

et al. 2003

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An outbreak of acute poisoning caused by Amaranthus spinosus is described in ewes of southern Brazil. The clinical signs were characterized by uremic halitosis, loss of ruminal motility, dispnoea and abortion. Grossly in the kidneys there were pale red spots, white streaks extending from cortex to medulla, and congestion. Histologically there was a severe acute tubular nephrosis, dispersed foci of coagulative necrosis in the liver, areas of coagulative necrosis in the myocardium and acute incipient interstitial pneumonia as well as secondary bronchopneumonia. Myocardial coagulative necrosis observed in seven sheep was attributed to hyperkalemia secondary to renal insufficiency. No references to spontaneous A. spinosus poisoning in sheep was found in the literature. Attempt to reproduce the poisoning by administration of the plant to sheep was insuccessful, probably because A. spinosus used was not from fertilized areas.

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Poisoning of cattle by certain nitrate-containing plants

Cited by 12 publications

References 2 publications

Seasonal Variation in Chemical Composition of Forage Brassicas. II. Mineral Imbalances and Antiquality Constituents

Seasonal Variation in Chemical Composition of Forage Brassicas. II. Mineral Imbalances and Antiquality Constituents

Nitrate reduction in the rumen of the grazing sheep

Intoxicação natural por Amaranthus spinosus (Amaranthaceae) em ovinos no Sudeste do Brasil

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