Point-of-use water disinfection using ultraviolet and visible light-emitting diodes

Lui, Gough Yumu; Roser, David; Corkish, Richard; Ashbolt, Nicholas J.; Stuetz, Richard M.

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.039

Cited by 99 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…b) also demonstrate that for all organisms analyzed, higher doses were required for inactivation when longer wavelengths of violet‐blue light were utilized. Lower does were required for 1 log 10 reduction of Enterococcus facecalis and E. coli when exposed to 385 nm violet‐blue light compared to 405 nm ; however, this is to be expected as 385 nm lies within the UVA spectrum (320–400 nm).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…, Lui et al . and Endarko et al . further demonstrate the superior efficacy of 405 nm light compared to wavelengths including 400, 420, 415, 420 and 430 nm for inactivation of E. faecalis , E. coli , L. monocytogenes and S. aureus .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…As demonstrated, the majority of the data sets (19/20) comparing the efficacy of violet-blue wavelengths found that increased doses were required for bacterial inactivation, or there was no inactivation achieved when using longer wavelengths between 450 and 470 nm. This is particularly pertinent in the case of Edwardsiella tarda with the dose for a 1 log 10 reduction increasing from 68.4 to 544.5 J cm À2 when wavelength increased from 405 to 465 nm (31), Entercoccus faecalis with the dose increasing from 130 to 410 J cm À2 when wavelength increased from 405 to 455 nm (39), Lactobacillus planterium with the dose rising from 374 to 1121 J cm À2 when wavelength increased from 405 to 460 nm (58) and L. monocytogenes with the dose rising from 61.6 to 1120.9 J cm À2 when the wavelength was increased from 405 to 450 nm (52) Therefore, although the analysis was made on a small selection of studies (n = 9), the general trend does support the current thinking that shorter wavelengths in the region of 405 nm are more effective for bacterial inactivation than longer wavelengths between 450 and 470 nm.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7. Data were collected from several studies which investigated the inactivation of bacteria, using different wavelengths of violet-blue light, held under similar exposure conditions in each study (11,12,14,31,36,39,45,52,58). Figure 7a demonstrates data for Gram-positive isolates, with the dose required for a 1 log 10 reduction increasing for all organisms when wavelength is increased from 405-415 nm to 450-470 nm.…”

Section: Articles Removed N = 74mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of the Comparative Susceptibility of Microbial Species to Photoinactivation Using 380–480 nm Violet‐Blue Light

Tomb

White

Coia

et al. 2018

Photochem & Photobiology

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Antimicrobial violet-blue light is an emerging technology designed for enhanced clinical decontamination and treatment applications, due to its safety, efficacy and ease of use. This systematized review was designed to compile the current knowledge on the antimicrobial efficacy of 380-480 nm light on a range of health care and food-related pathogens including vegetative bacteria, bacterial endospores, fungi and viruses. Data were compiled from 79 studies, with the majority focussing on wavelengths in the region of 405 nm. Analysis indicated that Gram-positive and Gram-negative vegetative bacteria are the most susceptible organisms, while bacterial endospores, viruses and bacteriophage are the least. Evaluation of the dose required for a 1 log 10 reduction of key bacteria compared to population, irradiance and wavelength indicated that microbial titer and light intensity had little effect on the dose of 405 nm light required; however, linear analysis indicated organisms exposed to longer wavelengths of violet-blue light may require greater doses for inactivation. Additional research is required to ensure this technology can be used effectively, including: investigating inactivation of multidrug-resistant organisms, fungi, viruses and protozoa; further knowledge about the photodynamic inactivation mechanism of action; the potential for microbial resistance; and the establishment of a standardized exposure methodology.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Articles Removed N = 74mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Review of the Comparative Susceptibility of Microbial Species to Photoinactivation Using 380–480 nm Violet‐Blue Light

Tomb

White

Coia

et al. 2018

Photochem & Photobiology

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“…Electrolytic treatment of water can also remove biofilm and is commonly used in many formats [52,53]. Decontamination of water with ultra violet light or large filters has been used on the incoming water supply to the building [54]. Filtration and ultra violet light are more often used at the point-of-use in water coolers and ice machines [55][56][57].…”

Section: Preventing Nosocomial Infections With Water Borne Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk of Getting Nosocomial Water-Borne Infections from the Main Water Systems in Hospitals

Andersen¹,

Høg²,

Joensen³

2017

JLS

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Drinking water may be a risk factor for human infections if the water supply is contaminated with biofilm producing bacteria such as Legionella pneumophilae or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Several situations have to be considered when water supply to new buildings is planned. The aim of this paper is to review situations that have to be considered in new buildings and give an example on a new water supply contaminated with biofilm producing water bacteria and the precautions introduced to eliminate the contamination. When new buildings are planned it should be considered where to get the water and what is the microbiological quality of the water. If the water is contaminated there will be troubles from the beginning. The material for the pipes should be considered as biofilm which is produced in greater amounts and faster in PEG pipes than in stainless steel pipes. The choice of material depends on the expected lifetime of the building, the dimensions of the pipes, and the choice of forceps, how often the taps are used and thereby the flow in the system. The higher flow the less and slower biofilm formation. It is important to reduce the number of taps to a minimum to ovoid "dead ends" if they are not or only seldom used. Alternatively all taps could be opened automatically regularly. It is important to establish precautions to ovoid contamination of the water system in the period from when it is established until the building is taken in use. The period can be several months during which the system can act as a "dead end" if no precautions, such as regularly opening of all taps, are taken. The microbiological quality of the water in the system should be controlled before the building is taken in use. In a new building, where the water supply and the water in the building was not controlled before the building was taken in use, extremely high total and Legionella germ counts were found. The water was disinfected with low concentrations of chloride with very little effect. After disinfection with high concentrations of chloride for few hours and placing a sterile filter at the water entrance both the total and Legionella germ count decreased to an acceptable level.

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Photocatalytic Water Disinfection

Upadhyay¹,

Chakma²

2021

Applied Water Science

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Point-of-use water disinfection using ultraviolet and visible light-emitting diodes

Cited by 99 publications

References 35 publications

Review of the Comparative Susceptibility of Microbial Species to Photoinactivation Using 380–480 nm Violet‐Blue Light

Review of the Comparative Susceptibility of Microbial Species to Photoinactivation Using 380–480 nm Violet‐Blue Light

Risk of Getting Nosocomial Water-Borne Infections from the Main Water Systems in Hospitals

Photocatalytic Water Disinfection

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