Point-of-care testing (POCT) diagnostic systems using microfluidic lab-on-a-chip technologies

Jung, Woo Sik; Han, Jungyoup; Choi, Jin‐Woo; Ahn, Chong H.

doi:10.1016/j.mee.2014.09.024

Cited by 415 publications

(243 citation statements)

References 125 publications

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“…10,13,21,22 Some disadvantages to impedance-based measurements include electrolysis, gas formation, and the need for red blood cell (RBC) lysis and dilution reagents, all of which add design complexity and, potentially, operational cost. 10,[23][24][25] Alternatively, there are many different types of image-based methods that have become popular due to their reduced size and cost from the development of low-cost plastic optics, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and other new optical technologies. There are label-free techniques that require no contrast agents but rely on intrinsic properties where some are based on projections of the cells, such as lens-free shadow imaging, white light diffraction phase microscopy/quantitative phase imaging, and lensless incoherent holography.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Considerations for point-of-care diagnostics: evaluation of acridine orange staining and postprocessing methods for a three-part leukocyte differential test

et al. 2017

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Considerations for point-ofcare diagnostics: evaluation of acridine orange staining and postprocessing methods for a three-part leukocyte differential test," J. Biomed. Opt. 22(3), 035001 (2017), doi: 10.1117/1.JBO.22.3.035001. Abstract. There exists a broad range of techniques that can be used to classify and count white blood cells in a point-of-care (POC) three-part leukocyte differential test. Improvements in lenses, light sources, and cameras for image-based POC systems have renewed interest in acridine orange (AO) as a contrast agent, whereby subpopulations of leukocytes can be differentiated by colorimetric analysis of AO fluorescence emission. We evaluated the effect on test accuracy using different AO staining and postprocessing methods in the context of an image-based POC colorimetric cell classification scheme. Thirty blood specimens were measured for percent cell counts using our POC system and a conventional hematology analyzer for comparison. Controlling the AO concentration used during whole-blood staining, the incubation time with AO, and the colorimetric ratios among the three population of leukocytes yielded a percent deviation of 0.706%, −1.534%, and −0.645% for the lymphocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes, respectively. Overall, we demonstrated that a redshift in AO fluorescence was observed at elevated AO concentrations, which lead to reproducible inaccuracy of cell counts. This study demonstrates there is a need for a strict control of the AO staining and postprocessing methods to improve test accuracy in these POC systems. © The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 UnportedLicense. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Considerations for point-of-care diagnostics: evaluation of acridine orange staining and postprocessing methods for a three-part leukocyte differential test

et al. 2017

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“…Either if they are used as point-of-care devices or as laboratory instrumentation, they should contain an user-friendly interface, which is usually approached with a sample-to-answer format. 67 In addition, independent rechargeable energy sources should be considered if the electro-immuno sensor is meant to be portable. Finally, concepts as the IoT and cloud computing should be integrated with the sensors circuitry.…”

Section: Future Trendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electro-Immuno Sensors: Current Developments and Future Trends

Barbosa¹,

Segura²,

Osma³

2017

IJBSBE

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Abbreviations: Iot, internet of things; ELISA, enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay; WB, western blot; IHC, immunohistochemistry; ICC, immunocytochemistry; FACS, fluorescence-activated cell sorting; IP, immuno precipitation; ELISPOT, enzyme-linked immuno spot; PSA, prostate specific antigen; IDEs, interdigitated electrodes; HPV, human papilloma virus IntroductionBiosensors have been mostly used in the food industry, medical and biological fields, among others, where physical and chemical sensors cannot accurately measure all variables. Biosensors are usually comprised by a biological recognition element and a transducer.1,2 Among the different commercial biosensors, the most common recognition elements are DNA, 3 enzymes, 4 aptamers 5,6 and antibodies.7,8 DNA-based biosensors detect specific analytes by their cleavage and ligation to a functionalized DNA strand.9 Enzymatic biosensors immobilize an enzyme to an electrode to facilitate the transport of electrons from the enzyme to the electrode, produced by specific reactions at the active site of the enzyme.2 Aptamers are chemically synthesized oligonucleotides 10 that provide high specificity and sensitivity towards a specific target. Antibody-based biosensors recognize a specific antigen from the immobilization of a monoclonal or polyclonal antibody.8 In general, transducers vary according to the end user towards which the sensor is thought. Among others, transducers include electrochemical responses, mass changes, optical absorption or transmission, and thermal readings. During the last decades, several immunoassay techniques have appeared as a response to the need of having specific and sensitive tests for antigen recognition. The methods by which the recognition is perform varies from one to another, but the presence of at least one recognition antibody remains as a constant. Among others, the most common immune tests used in laboratories and medical facilities are the enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA), western blot (WB), immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunocytochemistry (ICC), fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), immuno precipitation (IP), and enzyme-linked immuno spot (ELISPOT). Figure 1 shows a general diagram of these immunoassays.ELISA is a widely used technique for the recognition of antibodies' antigens within a sample by means of the biochemical recognition of an enzyme.11 In this technique, specific antibodies are conjugated to an enzyme that catalyzes a colorimetric molecule. Spectrophotometric measurements are used to determine the antigen concentration in the sample. ELISA tests can be performed in a qualitative way, in which the results are positive or negative by statistical methods; or quantitative, in which a standard curve from spectrophotometric measurements can be used to quantify the concentration of the antigen. 12WB is a technique for the detection of specific proteins in a sample through the electrophoretic transfer from a separating gel to a blotting matrix.13 WB uses available monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies for the d...

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“…POCT is a trend in the development of laboratory medicine, which widely used in food evaluation, environmental monitoring, drug testing, medical testing and other fields [1,2]. With the development of biotechnology and biosensor technology [3,4] and biochip technology [5][6][7], POCT becomes more convenient and fast, which makes it more suitable for family medical care and community hospitals. Fluorescence immunochromatographic chip has the advantages of high sensitivity, strong specificity and fast detection speed [8,9], which is widely used in POCT, such as detection of alpha fetoprotein [10] and chloramphenicol [11] and so on.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smartphone-Based Fluorescent Diagnostic System for Immunochromatographic Chip

Hou¹,

Wang²,

Yang³

et al. 2017

Nano BioMed ENG

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In order to achieve fast and quantitative detection of fluorescence immunochromatographic chip, a rapid detection system based on smartphone has been developed. In this system, fluorescent signal from quantum dots (QDs) on lateral flow test strips (LFTSs) can be accurately extracted, and the system also can calculate the concentration of the analyte. The method of extraction and recognition of fluorescence signal intensity can be applied to different fluorescent chip detection systems. Based on the fluorescence tomography chip image, a specific program is used for image acquisition, processing and data handling. The Sobel operator algorithm was used in the software, which improved greatly the ability of distinguishing between the test area and the background boundary information. Extracting the components from the red format of the fluorescent strips, the high-signal intensity and sensitivity were achieved. The simulation results show that the proposed method can be applied to the detection system of fluorescence immunochromatographic chip. The experimental results show that the signal intensity has a good correlation with the concentration of immunoassay, which indicates the detection system can extract the intensity of fluorescence signal of the chip.

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Point-of-care testing (POCT) diagnostic systems using microfluidic lab-on-a-chip technologies

Cited by 415 publications

References 125 publications

Considerations for point-of-care diagnostics: evaluation of acridine orange staining and postprocessing methods for a three-part leukocyte differential test

Considerations for point-of-care diagnostics: evaluation of acridine orange staining and postprocessing methods for a three-part leukocyte differential test

Electro-Immuno Sensors: Current Developments and Future Trends

Smartphone-Based Fluorescent Diagnostic System for Immunochromatographic Chip

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