Pnictogen (As, Sb, Bi) Nanosheets for Electrochemical Applications Are Produced by Shear Exfoliation Using Kitchen Blenders

Gusmão, Rui; Sofer, Zdeněk; Bouša, Daniel; Pumera, Martin

doi:10.1002/anie.201706389

Cited by 228 publications

(168 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…Finally, the use of nanomaterials in ED for microfluidics is not just a well stablished strategy but an active and promising research field where new nanomaterials (graphene , carbon felt , carbon dots and nanohorns , 2D‐transition metal dichalcogenides , pnictogen nanosheets , phosphorene , …) has a lot to say. Moreover, other advanced materials such as micro‐ and nanomotors will provide imaginative analytical strategies for electrochemical lab‐on‐a‐chip systems .…”

Section: Conclusion and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical detection based on nanomaterials in CE and microfluidic systems

2018

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Electrochemical detection has a great potential in microfluidic systems due to its easy miniaturization without losing analytical performance. In addition, the use of nanomaterials in electroanalysis improves sensitivity, selectivity, and reproducibility. The topic of this review is the use of nanomaterials (nanoparticles, nanotubes, graphene) in electrochemical detection for capillary electrophoresis and microfluidic systems (microchips and paper based analytical devices). This review covers from 2015 up to now and it is a continuation of our previous review, also published in Electrophoresis journal. The following aspects of the surveyed articles are mainly addressed: type of nanomaterial, protocol of working electrode preparation (composite, drop casting and others), advantages of nanomaterial employment and application field (clinical, food, environmental and home security). The use of nanomaterials is still an interesting approach to improve the analytical performance of electrochemical detection based on microfluidic devices. Along the review, readers will find new protocols for working electrode modification, new carbon nanomaterials and promising applications in the aforementioned fields.

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Section: Conclusion and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical detection based on nanomaterials in CE and microfluidic systems

2018

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“…The nanosheet layer is composed of almost exclusive content of antimony with a low content of oxygen ( Figure S3b, Supporting Information). [23] The thickness of the resulted antimonene was reflected in the height histogram of its atomic force microscopy (AFM) image ( Figure S4, Supporting Information). [23] The thickness of the resulted antimonene was reflected in the height histogram of its atomic force microscopy (AFM) image ( Figure S4, Supporting Information).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimonene Engineered Highly Deformable Freestanding Electrode with Extraordinarily Improved Energy Storage Performance

Zhou

Yao

et al. 2019

Advanced Energy Materials

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antimonene, representing for a single or few-layer antimony, has been considered as a unique one among other 2D materials due to its strong spin-orbit coupling and a number of extraordinary physical properties. [1,2] While the emergence of a new material brings both excitement and puzzles, until very recently, antimonene was successfully isolated by mechanical exfoliation [3] and liquid phase exfoliation, [4] which offers conditions for studying its applications in an experimental way. In addition, density functional theory (DFT) has allowed researchers to make a number of predictions about antimonene's structural and electronic properties, including puckered lamellar structure, [5] high carrier mobility, [6] large interlayer channel size, [3] and fast ion diffusion, [7] combined with the good electrical conductivity (1.6 × 10 4 S m −1 ) demonstrated by experimental test, [8] rendering antimonene an ideal candidate for electrochemical energy storage applications. As a result, there are several works addressing the utilization of antimonene as an anode material in batteries. [9][10][11] However, as for supercapacitor applications, the explorations are extremely scarce. Until now, only one work reported the basic characterization of antimonene as an electrochemically active material for capacitive energy storage (which demonstrated delightful results), [12] while further design and in-depth investigations of antimonene-based supercapacitor electrode, especially freestanding flexible electrode, are highly favorable.As for the constant evolution of freestanding flexible electrode, MXenes, a new burgeoning family of 2D transition metal carbides, offer a particularly suitable assembly platform due to their highly reversible surface redox reactions, [13] graphene-like flexibility and metallic electrical conductivity (up to 8000 S cm −1 ). [14] As a result, the multistacked MXene "paper" freestanding electrodes demonstrate excellent energy storage performances, which are on the topmost level among conventional freestanding electrodes based on graphene and carbon nanotube. [15,16] However, although breakthroughs were made by pristine MXene films, development of the energy storage performances of MXene-based flexible supercapacitors is still in its infancy.Advanced 2D materials have spurred great interest as a new paradigm in pursuing improved energy storage performance. Herein, for the first time, antimonene is utilized as an effective active component for constructing highly deformable and editable freestanding film electrodes, as the basis of a supercapacitor with record-breaking electrode performance. The insertion of antimonene is able to improve the environmental stability of the antimonene/ MXene composite electrode and remarkably enhance the energy storage capability in both protic and neutral electrolytes. Notably, an ultrahigh specific volumetric capacitance of 4255 F cm −3 is achieved by the electrode tested in a 1 m H 2 SO 4 electrolyte, which represents the state-of-the-art value reported to date for supercapa...

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“…Figure indicates the existence of the respective pnictogen in the nanosheets, and the presence of oxygen due to surface oxidation. The data in the EDX study corroborates with the XPS results obtained by Gusmão et al., which shows a partial oxidation of the exfoliated pnictogen nanosheets.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The data in Table indicate that antimony and bismuth nanosheets are less toxic than GO, rGO, and BP and could possibly be translated to better biocompatibility. Taken together, the outstanding and stable inherent electrochemical properties of antimony and bismuth nanosheets and probable low toxic adverse effects, antimony and bismuth nanosheets could potentially serve as alternatives to GO and BP in biosensing schemes and drug‐delivery carriers.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Down Group 15, with increasing atomic weight, the trends of the pnictogens shift from non‐metallic to metallic where nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are reported to be non‐metals, whereas arsenic (As) and antimony (Sb) possess metalloid characteristics and bismuth (Bi) is deemed as a metal. As such, P reportedly possess many similarities with As but possess much fewer parallels with Bi . Studies have suggested that pnictogens possess several phases, the heavier pnictogens (As, Sb, and Bi) have been reported to crystallize in their most stable allotropic form, the rhombohedral layered structure .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cytotoxicity of Shear Exfoliated Pnictogen (As, Sb, Bi) Nanosheets

Chia

Latiff

Gusmão

et al. 2019

Chemistry A European J

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The experimental achievement of phosphorene, which exhibits superior electronic, physical, and optical properties has spurred recent interest in other Group 15 elemental 2D nanomaterials such as arsenene, antimonene, and bismuthene. These unique and superior properties of the pnictogen nanosheets have spurred intensive research efforts and led to the discovery of their diversified potential applications; for instance, optical Kerr material, photonic devices, pnictogen‐decorated microfibers, high‐speed transistors, and flexible 2D electronics. Previous studies have mainly been dedicated to study the synthesis, properties, and applications of the heavy pnictogens nanosheets; however, the toxicological behaviour of these nanosheets has yet to be established. Herein, the cytotoxicity study of pnictogen nanosheets (As, Sb, and Bi) was conducted over 24 h of incubation with various concentrations of test materials and adenocarcinoma human lung epithelial A549 cells. After the treatment period, the remaining cell viabilities were obtained through absorbance measurements with WST‐8 and MTT assays. These findings demonstrate that the toxicity of pnictogen nanosheets decreases down Group 15, whereby arsenic nanosheets are considered to be the most toxic, whereas bismuth nanosheets induce low cytotoxicity. The findings of this study constitute an important initial step towards enhancing our understanding of the toxicological effects of pnictogen nanosheets in light of their prospective commercial applications.

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Pnictogen (As, Sb, Bi) Nanosheets for Electrochemical Applications Are Produced by Shear Exfoliation Using Kitchen Blenders

Cited by 228 publications

References 43 publications

Electrochemical detection based on nanomaterials in CE and microfluidic systems

Electrochemical detection based on nanomaterials in CE and microfluidic systems

Antimonene Engineered Highly Deformable Freestanding Electrode with Extraordinarily Improved Energy Storage Performance

Cytotoxicity of Shear Exfoliated Pnictogen (As, Sb, Bi) Nanosheets

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