Antimonene Engineered Highly Deformable Freestanding Electrode with Extraordinarily Improved Energy Storage Performance

Abstract

antimonene, representing for a single or few-layer antimony, has been considered as a unique one among other 2D materials due to its strong spin-orbit coupling and a number of extraordinary physical properties. [1,2] While the emergence of a new material brings both excitement and puzzles, until very recently, antimonene was successfully isolated by mechanical exfoliation [3] and liquid phase exfoliation, [4] which offers conditions for studying its applications in an experimental way. In addition, density functional theory (DFT) has allowed researchers to make a number of predictions about antimonene's structural and electronic properties, including puckered lamellar structure, [5] high carrier mobility, [6] large interlayer channel size, [3] and fast ion diffusion, [7] combined with the good electrical conductivity (1.6 × 10 4 S m −1 ) demonstrated by experimental test, [8] rendering antimonene an ideal candidate for electrochemical energy storage applications. As a result, there are several works addressing the utilization of antimonene as an anode material in batteries. [9][10][11] However, as for supercapacitor applications, the explorations are extremely scarce. Until now, only one work reported the basic characterization of antimonene as an electrochemically active material for capacitive energy storage (which demonstrated delightful results), [12] while further design and in-depth investigations of antimonene-based supercapacitor electrode, especially freestanding flexible electrode, are highly favorable.As for the constant evolution of freestanding flexible electrode, MXenes, a new burgeoning family of 2D transition metal carbides, offer a particularly suitable assembly platform due to their highly reversible surface redox reactions, [13] graphene-like flexibility and metallic electrical conductivity (up to 8000 S cm −1 ). [14] As a result, the multistacked MXene "paper" freestanding electrodes demonstrate excellent energy storage performances, which are on the topmost level among conventional freestanding electrodes based on graphene and carbon nanotube. [15,16] However, although breakthroughs were made by pristine MXene films, development of the energy storage performances of MXene-based flexible supercapacitors is still in its infancy.Advanced 2D materials have spurred great interest as a new paradigm in pursuing improved energy storage performance. Herein, for the first time, antimonene is utilized as an effective active component for constructing highly deformable and editable freestanding film electrodes, as the basis of a supercapacitor with record-breaking electrode performance. The insertion of antimonene is able to improve the environmental stability of the antimonene/ MXene composite electrode and remarkably enhance the energy storage capability in both protic and neutral electrolytes. Notably, an ultrahigh specific volumetric capacitance of 4255 F cm −3 is achieved by the electrode tested in a 1 m H 2 SO 4 electrolyte, which represents the state-of-the-art value reported to date for supercapa...

Two‐Dimensional Siloxene–Graphene Heterostructure‐Based High‐Performance Supercapacitor for Capturing Regenerative Braking Energy in Electric Vehicles

“…The XRD pattern of the siloxene–rGO 2D/2D heterostructures ( Figure a) revealed two characteristic features including 1) the disappearance of peaks from siloxene (11.3°) and GO (10.4°) and 2) the observation of a broad peak at 23.3°, indicating the formation of re‐stacked siloxene–rGO through random interstratification. [ 24 ] The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of the siloxene, GO, and siloxene–rGO powders are given in Figure 2b. The physical values of the siloxene, GO, and siloxene–rGO powders obtained using FTIR spectroscopy is provided in Figure S3, Supporting Information.…”

Advances in MXene Films: Synthesis, Assembly, and Applications

“…However, the inherent low capacitance of carbon materials partially restrains the further enhancement of the overall capacitance of the MXene films. Similarly, to further incorporate interlayer spacers with high specific capacitance and conductivity, Yu et al [123] combined two kinds of 2D olefinic materials by introducing antimonene to hybridize with MXene, which simultaneously approached the state-of-the-art capacitance and excellent flexibility. The introduction of antimonene into freestanding MXene films could expand the spacing between MXene layers in MXene-based electrodes and maintain the original flexibility, thus realized a remarkable areal capacitance of 3403 mF/cm 2 in 1 mol/L H 2 SO 4 .…”

Porosity Engineering of MXene Membrane towards Polysulfide Inhibition and Fast Lithium Ion Transportation for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

“…[43] In the XRD patterns (Figure 2a), the pristine MXene exhibit the diffraction peaks of (002), (004), and (006), consistent with the previous reports. [44] The strong (002) diffraction peak at 5.7° corresponding to an interlayer distance of 15.5 Å belongs to the typical characteristic of the Ti 3 C 2 T x sheets. For porous MXene flakes, the (002) peak becomes broad and shifts to higher degrees, from 5.7° of the pristine MXene to 5.93°, and 6.2° for PM (0.2 m), and PM (0.4 m), respectively.…”