Pneumonia of Children under 5 Years of Age in Brazzaville (Republic of Congo)

Okoko, A.R.; Hossie, E.; N’djobo-Mamadoud, I. C.; Moyen, E.; Bowassa, G. Ekouya; Moyen, G.

doi:10.4236/ojped.2017.73021

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…According to our findings, children mostly looked after by house workers or relatives were at higher odds of developing pneumonia as compared to children who were carried by their parents. This finding agrees with a study done in the Amhara region, Ethiopia and Northwest Ethiopia [ 23 , 24 ] and Eastern Africa [ 34 ]. This might be due to the fact that house workers or relatives may not be responsible for child care as their parents such as keeping child’s self-hygiene, feeding the child on time and other child care activities.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Determinants of pneumonia among under-five children in Oromia region, Ethiopia: unmatched case-control study

Yadate,

Yesuf,

Hunduma

et al. 2023

Arch Public Health

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Background Pneumonia is the single largest infectious disease that causes more under-five morbidity and mortality than any other infectious disease in the world, including Ethiopia. The aim of this study is to assess determinants of pneumonia among under-five children in the South West Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia, 2021. Methods We used an unmatched case-control study design from March 15 to April 30, 2021, in the South West Shewa Zone, Ethiopia. A sample of 398 (199 cases and 199 controls) participated in the study. Trained data collectors through a pre-tested structured questionnaire collected data. We used Epi Info to enter data and analyzed using SPSS version 23. We described our data using descriptive statistics. We identified predictors of pneumonia using logistic regression analysis. We declared predictors of pneumonia at a P-value of 0.05 or less. Results Breastfeeding for less than 6 months [AOR:3.51, 95%CI:(1.12,11.00)], lack of Vitamin A supplementation [AOR:3.56,95%CI:(1.58, 8.05)], history of URTI [AOR:9.66, 95%CI:(4.69,19.87)], family child care practices [AOR:6.46, 95%CI, (2.83,14.76)], sleeping with three to five persons in a room [AOR:2.90, 9%CI: (1.23,6.84)], having above five persons in a room [AOR: 3.88, 95%CI: 1.02,14.77), use of wood as a source of fuel [AOR = 3.02 95% CI: 1.41,6.46)] and not opening windows [AOR:2.56 95%CI: (1.21,5.41)] were independent factors of pneumonia among under five children. Conclusion Pneumonia is associated with breastfeeding for less than 6 months, lack of vitamin A supplementation, history of URTI, types of childcare practice, indoor overcrowding, use of wood as a source of fuel, and not opening windows. Therefore, exclusive breastfeeding, improving vitamin A supplementation, early control of respiratory tract infection through promoting good hygiene and ventilation strategies in crowded homes, and promoting how to reduce indoor air pollution through affordable clean stoves will be relevant interventions to reduce under-five pneumonia.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Determinants of pneumonia among under-five children in Oromia region, Ethiopia: unmatched case-control study

Yadate,

Yesuf,

Hunduma

et al. 2023

Arch Public Health

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“…The possible reason for the difference in the prevalence of pneumonia might include the time of data collection, assessment method used, and difference in the level of advancement as well as the aggregation of risk factors. However, the current pneumonia prevalence was in line with a report from Brazzaville, Republic of Congo (12.3%) [20].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Pneumonia among Under-Five Children in Northwest Ethiopia: Prevalence and Predictors—A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Andualem

Adane

Tigabu

et al. 2020

International Journal of Pediatrics

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Background. Acute respiratory infections in particular pneumonia constitutes the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children under five years of age throughout the world. In Ethiopia, pneumonia continues to be the major childhood problem and killer, particularly in the study area. However, evidence dealing with the problem is still unavailable. The current study is aimed at determining the magnitude and risk factors of childhood pneumonia in Gondar City. Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study was employed in five randomly selected clusters/subcities of Gondar City. A total of 792 child-mother/caregiver pairs in the selected subcities/clusters were included. A pretested and validated questionnaire was used by trained supervisors through house-to-house visits to collect the data. Binary logistic regression (bivariable and multivariable) was employed. An adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was used to declare statistically significant variables on the basis of p<0.05 in the multivariable logistic regression model. Results. The prevalence of pneumonia among under-five children in the current study was found to be 12% with 95% CI: 10% to 14.4%. The presence of unpaved road within 100 m of the house (AOR=2.27, 95% CI: 1.41-3.66), living within 100 m of heavy traffic (AOR=1.94, 95% CI: 1.19-3.16), the habit of not opening doors while cooking (AOR=1.62, 95% CI: 1.01-2.62), the presence of cockroach infestation (AOR=1.98, 95% CI: 1.25-3.14), and new carpet in the house (AOR=1.75, 95% CI: 1.01-3.03) were statistically significant variables associated with childhood pneumonia. Conclusions. This study indicated that the prevalence of childhood pneumonia is still high. As such, enhancing strategies that would address unpaved roads within 100 m of the house, living within 100 m of heavy traffic, the habit of not opening doors while cooking, cockroach infestation, and new carpet in the house to reduce the burden of childhood pneumonia needs to be advocated.

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“…Kasus penyakit pneumonia balita yang berisiko untuk menimbulkan kematian diantaranya dipengaruhi oleh kepadatan hunian rumah, kamar balita dengan penghuni lebih dari 2 orang berpeluang 1,8 kali menyebabkan balita dapat terkena penyakit pneumonia. Mikroorganisme penyebab penyakit pneumonia mengalami percepatan transmisi dari seorang penghuni rumah dengan penghuni rumah lainnya jika kepadatan hunian rumah tidak memenuhi syarat (19) . Kesimpulan sama dengan penelitian yang dilakukan sebelumnya pada tahun 2018 oleh Putri Setiyo Wulandari di daerah binaan Jati Sampurna Kota Bekasi, menyatakan bahwa kejadian kasus penyakit pneumonia pada balita salah satunya dipengaruhi oleh tingkat kepadatan hunian rumah tempat tinggal balita (20) .…”

Section: Hasil Dan Pembahasanunclassified

Hubungan Kondisi Fisik Lingkungan Rumah dan Angka Kuman Udara Dengan Kejadian Pneumonia Balita (Studi di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Baturraden II Banyumas)

Bahri

Raharjo

Suhartono

2022

Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia

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Latar belakang: Kejadian kasus penyakit pneumonia merupakan urutan kedua masalah utama yang menyebabkan 277 kematian pada kelompok anak usia 29 hari hingga usia 11 bulan di Indonesia. Prevalensi kejadian kasus pneumonia tertinggi sejumlah 13,7% di Kabupaten Banyumas terdapat di daerah binaan Puskesmas Baturraden II. Penelitian dilakukan untuk menganalisis keberadaan hubungan kondisi fisik lingkungan rumah dan angka kuman udara pada kejadian kasus pneumonia balita.Metode: Desain dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kasus kontrol. Popupasi terdiri atas balita yang tercatat tinggal di daerah binaan Puskesmas Baturraden II pada waktu penelitian dilakukan. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling dengan sampel umur 1-5 tahun, perbandingan sampel kasus dengan kontrol 1:1, sehingga total berjumlah 130 sampel. Data dikumpulkan dengan cara wawancara dan pengamatan dengan instrumen. Data penelitian dianalisis menggunakan program komputer dengan uji chi square (bivariat) dan uji regresi logistik (multivariat).Hasil: Hasil analisis menunjukan variabel kepadatan hunian, kelembapan rumah, jenis lantai rumah intensitas cahaya dan angka kuman udara memiliki hubungan yang signifikan pada kejadian kasus penyakit pneumonia balita. Hasil analisis multivariat menyimpulkan bahwa angka kuman udara menjadi variabel paling besar dalam mempengaruhi terjadinya pneumonia pada balita dengan nilai OR paling besar yaitu 4,613.Simpulan: Hasil analisis membuktikan bahwa ada hubungan antara variabel lingkungan fisik rumah kepadatan hunian, kelembapan rumah, jenis lantai rumah, intensitas cahaya dan angka kuman udara dengan kejadian kasus penyakit pneumonia pada balita. ABSTRACT Title: The Relationship Between Physical Conditions of The Home Environment and The Number of Bacteria With The Incidence of Toddlers Pneumonia (Study In The Working Area of Baturraden II Public Health Center Banyumas)Background: The incidence of pneumonia cases is the second major problem that causes 277 deaths in the group of children aged 29 days to 11 months in Indonesia. The highest prevalence of pneumonia cases of 13.7% in Banyumas Regency was in the target area of Baturraden II Public Health Center. The study was conducted to analyze the relationship between the physical condition of the home environment and the number of bacteria in the incidence of pneumonia cases in toddlers.Method: The design in this study used a case control. The population consisted of toddlers who were recorded as living in the target area of the Baturraden II Public Health Center at the time the study was conducted. The sampling technique used purposive sampling with samples aged 1-5 years, the comparison of case samples with controls was 1:1, so that the total number of samples was 130. Data were collected by means of interviews and observations with instruments. Research data were analyzed using a computer program with chi square test (bivariate) and logistic regression test (multivariate).Result: The results of the analysis showed that the variables of occupancy density, house humidity, type of house floor, light intensity and air of bacteria had a significant relationship with the incidence of pneumonia cases in toddlers. The results of the multivariate analysis concluded that the number of bacteria was the biggest variable in influencing the occurrence of pneumonia in toddlers with the largest OR value of 4.613.Conclusion: The results of the analysis prove that there is a relationship between the physical environment variables of the house, residential density, house humidity, type of house floor, light intensity and airborne germ numbers with the incidence of pneumonia cases in toddlers.

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Pneumonia of Children under 5 Years of Age in Brazzaville (Republic of Congo)

Cited by 6 publications

References 28 publications

Determinants of pneumonia among under-five children in Oromia region, Ethiopia: unmatched case-control study

Determinants of pneumonia among under-five children in Oromia region, Ethiopia: unmatched case-control study

Pneumonia among Under-Five Children in Northwest Ethiopia: Prevalence and Predictors—A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Hubungan Kondisi Fisik Lingkungan Rumah dan Angka Kuman Udara Dengan Kejadian Pneumonia Balita (Studi di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Baturraden II Banyumas)

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