Pneumococcal Surface Adhesin A (PsaA): A Review

Rajam, Gowrisankar; Anderton, Julie M.; Carlone, George M.; Sampson, Jacquelyn S.; Ades, Edwin W.

doi:10.1080/10408410802275352

Cited by 88 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 112 publications

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“…Plasmin and fibronectin binding protein A (PfbA), a MSCRAMMS, is known to promote adherence and invasion of bacteria to human epithelial cells by recognizing molecules like fibronectin. In addition, pneumococcal surface adhesin A (PsaA), pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA), pneumolysin (ply), pneumococcal adherence and virulence factor A (PavA), choline-binding protein A (CbpA/PcpA), putative protease maturation protein A (PpmA), IgAI protease (IgAIp), and the streptococcal lipoprotein rotamase A (SIsA) have all been shown to be associated with pneumococcal adherence and virulence [153]. Streptococcal cell surface may contain fibrillar structure like pili and fibrils which may also mediate attachment to cell surface to initiate infection.…”

Section: Adhesionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenesis of microbial keratitis

Lakhundi

Siddiqui

Khan

2017

Microbial Pathogenesis

156

113

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Microbial keratitis is a sight-threatening ocular infection caused by bacteria, fungi, and protist pathogens. Epithelial defects and injuries are key predisposing factors making the eye susceptible to corneal pathogens. Among bacterial pathogens, the most common agents responsible for keratitis include Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumonia and Serratia species. Fungal agents of corneal infections include both filamentous as well as yeast, including Fusarium, Aspergillus, Phaeohyphomycetes, Curvularia, Paecilomyces, Scedosporium and Candida species, while in protists, Acanthamoeba spp. are responsible for causing ocular disease. Clinical features include redness, pain, tearing, blur vision and inflammation but symptoms vary depending on the causative agent. The underlying molecular mechanisms associated with microbial pathogenesis include virulence factors as well as the host factors that aid in the progression of keratitis, resulting in damage to the ocular tissue. The treatment therefore should focus not only on the elimination of the culprit but also on the neutralization of virulence factors to minimize the damage, in addition to repairing the damaged tissue. A complete understanding of the pathogenesis of microbial keratitis will lead to the rational development of therapeutic interventions. This is a timely review of our current understanding of the advances made in this field in a comprehensible manner. Coupled with the recently available genome sequence information and high throughput genomics technology, and the availability of innovative approaches, this will stimulate interest in this field.

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Section: Adhesionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenesis of microbial keratitis

Lakhundi

Siddiqui

Khan

2017

Microbial Pathogenesis

156

113

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“…In addition, PsaA induces antibodies that would be able to reduce nasopharyngeal colonization, a major prerequisite for pneumococcal pathogenesis. 66 PsaA was expressed on the surface of different species of LAB, 67 including Lactococcus lactis, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus helveticus ( Table 1). Nasal immunization with recombinant L. lactis induced very low levels of IgA (in saliva, nasal and bronchial washes) and IgG (in serum) while high levels of anti-pneumococcal antibodies were induced by the other recombinant strains.…”

Section: Lactococcus Lactis Nasally Administered As An Adjuvant and Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lactococcus lactisas an adjuvant and delivery vehicle of antigens against pneumococcal respiratory infections

et al. 2010

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“…Most promise is offered by the addition of protein-based vaccines to the current PCV, which may provide protection regardless of serotype (3). Several protein antigens, such as Ply, CbpA, PspA, PsaA, PiaA, PhtB, PhtE (BVH-3), and NanA, have been identified as vaccine candidates (1,6,8,12,14,18,22,23,26,27,29,35). There is evidence that immunization with certain combinations of virulence proteins provides additive or even synergistic protection (5,25).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Antibodies against Several Pneumococcal Virulence Proteins in Children during the Pre-Pneumococcal-Vaccine Era: the Generation R Study

et al. 2011

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The currently available pneumococcal vaccines do not protect against all serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae. A shift toward nonvaccine serotypes causing colonization and invasive disease has occurred, and studies on protein-based vaccines have been undertaken. We assessed the association between specific antibodies against pneumococcal virulence proteins and colonization and respiratory tract infections (RTIs). Additionally, we assessed the extent to which colonization induces a humoral immune response. Nasopharyngeal swabs collected from children at 1.5, 6, 14, and 24 months of age were cultured for pneumococcus. Serum samples were obtained at birth and at 6, 14, and 24 months (n ‫؍‬ 57 children providing 177 serum samples). Data were collected prior to the pneumococcal vaccine era. IgG, IgA, and IgM levels against 17 pneumococcal protein vaccine candidates were measured using a bead-based flow cytometry technique (xMAP; Luminex Corporation). Information regarding RTIs was questionnaire derived. Levels of IgG against all proteins were high in cord blood, decreased in the first 6 months and increased again thereafter, in contrast to the course of IgA and IgM levels. Specific antibodies were induced upon colonization. Increased levels of IgG against BVH-3, NanA, and SP1003 at 6 months, NanA, PpmA, PsaA, SlrA, SP0189, and SP1003 at 14 months, and SlrA at 24 months were associated with a decreased number of RTIs in the third year of life but not with colonization. Maternal antipneumococcal antibodies did not protect against pneumococcal colonization and infection. Certain antibodies against pneumococcal virulence proteins, some of which are induced by colonization, are associated with a decreased number of RTIs in children. This should be taken into account in future pneumococcal vaccine studies.

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Pneumococcal Surface Adhesin A (PsaA): A Review

Cited by 88 publications

References 112 publications

Pathogenesis of microbial keratitis

Pathogenesis of microbial keratitis

Lactococcus lactisas an adjuvant and delivery vehicle of antigens against pneumococcal respiratory infections

Natural Antibodies against Several Pneumococcal Virulence Proteins in Children during the Pre-Pneumococcal-Vaccine Era: the Generation R Study

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