Pneumatically-actuated artificial cilia array for biomimetic fluid propulsion

Gorissen, Benjamin; Volder, Michaël De; Reynaerts, Dominiek

doi:10.1039/c5lc00775e

Cited by 48 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 37 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…With a single‐piece, high‐aspect‐ratio molding that avoids the bonding process, Benjamin et al created a cylindrical cantilever with an eccentric cylindrical void . Using a similar one‐piece process, Gorissen et al created an array of cantilevers (∅ 1 mm × 8 mm) to achieve reversible fluid flow in a microchannel with a maximum velocity of 19 mm s −1 ( Figure A.2) . Paek et al used a direct peeling‐based soft‐lithography technique to create spiraling tentacles (∅ ≈150 µm × 5–8 mm), able to deliver a grasping force of up to ≈0.78 mN at 5.5 kPa (Figure A.1)…”

Section: Pressure‐driven Soft Actuatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Soft Actuators for Small‐Scale Robotics

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This review comprises a detailed survey of ongoing methodologies for soft actuators, highlighting approaches suitable for nanometer- to centimeter-scale robotic applications. Soft robots present a special design challenge in that their actuation and sensing mechanisms are often highly integrated with the robot body and overall functionality. When less than a centimeter, they belong to an even more special subcategory of robots or devices, in that they often lack on-board power, sensing, computation, and control. Soft, active materials are particularly well suited for this task, with a wide range of stimulants and a number of impressive examples, demonstrating large deformations, high motion complexities, and varied multifunctionality. Recent research includes both the development of new materials and composites, as well as novel implementations leveraging the unique properties of soft materials.

show abstract

Section: Pressure‐driven Soft Actuatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…C) Contracting linear actuator, an artificial muscle, with an internal relative pressure of 0 (i) and 10 kPa (ii). A.1) Adapted with permission., Copyright 2015, Macmillan Publishers Ltd. A.2) Reproduced with permission . Copyright 2015, The Royal Society of Chemistry.…”

Section: Pressure‐driven Soft Actuatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soft Actuators for Small‐Scale Robotics

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This parameter scales with the fourth root of the frequency (calculations in the Supporting Information). Second, the elastic inflatable actuators have a limited bandwidth and therefore a reduced stroke above a specific actuation frequency . As already deduced, orientational asymmetry alone does not play a significant role at these Reynolds numbers, thus the fluid flow is dominated by spatial asymmetry.…”

Section: Flow Field Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…The vast majority of artificial cilia consist of microactuators that are incorporated in silicone rubber pillars or plate‐like flexible structures in order to mimic the biological hair‐like design. Current actuation methods include electric fields, magnetic fields, vibrations, mechanical forces, or pressurized fluids . However, asymmetric motion remains the most challenging feature to mimic in artificial cilia systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial Soft Cilia with Asymmetric Beating Patterns for Biomimetic Low‐Reynolds‐Number Fluid Propulsion

Milana

Gorissen

Peerlinck

et al. 2019

Adv Funct Materials

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In nature, liquid propulsion in low-Reynolds-number regimes is often achieved by arrays of beating cilia with various forms of motion asymmetry. In particular, spatial asymmetry, where the cilia follow a different trajectory in their effective and recovery strokes, is an efficient way of generating flow in low Reynolds regimes. However, this type of asymmetry is difficult to mimic and control artificially. In this paper, an artificial soft cilium that comprises two pneumatic actuators that can be controlled individually is developed. These two independent degrees of freedom allow for the first time adjustment and study of spatial asymmetry in the cilium's beating pattern. Using low-Reynolds-number flow measurements, it is confirmed that spatial asymmetry allows for the generation of fluid propulsion. These twodegree-of-freedom soft cilia provide a platform to study ciliary fluid transport mechanisms and to mimic biologic viscous propulsion.The ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201900462. of a single cilium as well as for whole cilia arrays. For a single cilium, orientational, temporal, and spatial asymmetry can be distinguished, [6] where the latter has the highest impact on low Reynolds fluid propulsion. Spatial asymmetry, where the cilium tip describes a different path during the effective and recovery stroke, is quantified by the swept area; the larger the area, the higher the net flow. [7] At the array level, an additional type of asymmetry has been observed, metachronal asymmetry, which is characterized by a phase difference between neighboring cilia [8] that gives rise to a global wave-like movement.With the development of microsystem technology, artificial cilia can now be fabricated and are foreseen to find applications in microrobotic devices, such as microswimmers, [9,10] microsensors, [11] micropumps, [12][13][14] and micromixers. [15][16][17][18] The vast majority of artificial cilia consist of microactuators that are incorporated in silicone rubber pillars or plate-like flexible structures in order to mimic the biological hair-like design. Current actuation methods include electric fields, [15] magnetic fields, [19][20][21][22][23] vibrations, [24,25] mechanical forces, [26] or pressurized fluids. [27,28] However, asymmetric motion remains the most challenging feature to mimic in artificial cilia systems. In nature, nonreciprocal beating is achieved by a change in bending stiffness between the effective and recovery stroke: [29] A higher stiffness is observed during the fast effective stroke, where the cilium does not deform significantly, whereas in the slower recovery phase the cilium has a lower stiffness and tends to be deformed by the drag forces. To mimic such an asymmetric motion, the artificial cilium needs at least two deformation modes that need to be sequentially addressed. This can be achieved through elastic instabilities, [7] the interaction between elastic, viscous, and actuation forces, [26,30] or a multise...

show abstract

“…They experimentally proved the concept by employing their ciliabased micromixer to improve bioreaction efficiency of a biotin-avidin assay and a DNA hybridization assay [92]. Pressure-induced actuation of cilia with pneumatically actuated waves underneath a ciliated wall [93] and with pneumatic pipes directly integrated into the cilia [94] have recently been reported. In the latter case the cilia-like actuators have relatively large dimensions, 1 mm diameter and 8 mm length, but the fluid speeds measured reached correspondingly large values in the order of 19 mm/s.…”

Section: Microstructures Based On Pdmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimulus-active polymer actuators for next-generation microfluidic devices

Hilber

2016

Appl. Phys. A

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Microfluidic devices have not yet evolved into commercial off-the-shelf products. Although highly integrated microfluidic structures, also known as lab-on-a-chip (LOC) and micrototal-analysis-system (lTAS) devices, have consistently been predicted to revolutionize biomedical assays and chemical synthesis, they have not entered the market as expected. Studies have identified a lack of standardization and integration as the main obstacles to commercial breakthrough. Soft microfluidics, the utilization of a broad spectrum of soft materials (i.e., polymers) for realization of microfluidic components, will make a significant contribution to the proclaimed growth of the LOC market. Recent advances in polymer science developing novel stimulus-active soft-matter materials may further increase the popularity and spreading of soft microfluidics. Stimulus-active polymers and composite materials change shape or exert mechanical force on surrounding fluids in response to electric, magnetic, light, thermal, or water/solvent stimuli. Specifically devised actuators based on these materials may have the potential to facilitate integration significantly and hence increase the operational advantage for the end-user while retaining costeffectiveness and ease of fabrication. This review gives an overview of available actuation concepts that are based on functional polymers and points out promising concepts and trends that may have the potential to promote the commercial success of microfluidics.

show abstract

Pneumatically-actuated artificial cilia array for biomimetic fluid propulsion

Cited by 48 publications

References 37 publications

Soft Actuators for Small‐Scale Robotics

Soft Actuators for Small‐Scale Robotics

Artificial Soft Cilia with Asymmetric Beating Patterns for Biomimetic Low‐Reynolds‐Number Fluid Propulsion

Stimulus-active polymer actuators for next-generation microfluidic devices

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About