PM10 size distribution of metals and environmental-sanitary risk analysis in the city of Torino

Abstract:The present research has been focused on the evaluation of seasonal changes in mass concentrations and compositions of heavy metals in Particular Matters (PM) 10 collected from a typical urban-industrial site in Acerra, a city located in an area called "triangle of death". No significant (p < 0.05) seasonal variation was evidenced for the PM 10 concentration, but in all the seasons (except for autumn) exceedances of daily concentrations (50 µg m −3 ) were observed. Airborne PM was analyzed for these heavy metals: Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, V and Zn, which represented about 8% of the PM 10 concentrations. None of the metals classified by IARC as carcinogenic in humans (group 1) exceeded on average the annual EU's and Italy's limit. For the mentioned heavy metals the enrichment factors (EnFs) were analyzed and highlighted high enrichment for Cd, Sb, Pb, As, Cu and Zn. Principal component analysis (PCA) for the heavy metals in PM 10 identified oil combustion, vehicle and industrial emissions as major sources. To assess the health risk related to the inhalation to airborne PM 10 metals, we applied the Cancer Risk (CR) and Target Hazard Quotient (THQ). The results showed that the CR was similar for a child and an adult, while the THQ proved to be higher for a child than for an adult. The low PM metals risk in the urban industrial site was in agreement with the ongoing lowering trend of metals in Italy and Europe.

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“…For carcinogenic chemicals, the Cancer Risk (CR) was determined as reported in Equation (4) [31][32][33][34]:…”

Section: Risk Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy Metals Size Distribution in PM10 and Environmental-Sanitary Risk Analysis in Acerra (Italy)

et al. 2018

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“…En la actualidad los entornos urbanos pueden representar mayor exposición que sitios polvorientos (Hinwood et al, 2014). El material particulado se ha destacado por el efecto nocivo a la salud, en particular la atención se ha centrado en las partículas finas (Pope y Dockery, 2006;Gualtieri et al, 2010, Romanazzia et al, 2014, sumado a esto, los contaminantes no convencionales también pueden inducir efectos relacionados con la salud. Por ejemplo, algunos elementos traza presentes en PM10 y PST estas clasificados como cancerígenos para los humanos tales como el V, Pb y Cd (MAVDT, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Composición Elemental y Fuentes de Origen de Partículas Respirables (PM10) y Partículas Suspendidas Totales (PST) en el Área Urbana de la Ciudad de Riohacha, Colombia

2014

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ResumenEn esta investigación se evaluó la concentración, composición elemental y fuentes de origen de partículas PM10 y PST. Quince elementos químicos (As, Cd, Ca, Zn, Cu, Cr, Co, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, K, Na y V) se determinaron utilizando espectrometría de absorción atómica. Los niveles de PM10 (19.4 y 51 µg/m 3 ) y PST (27.6 y 53.7 µg/m 3 ) no excedieron estándares internacionales. El Factor de Enriquecimiento (FE) mostró que los elementos de trazadores de suelo están asociados con las partículas PST, mientras que los elementos de origen antropogénicos están asociados con las partículas PM10. El Zn, Cu y Co, mostraron fuerte enriquecimiento en PM10 y PST en las dos estaciones, concluyéndose que son elementos de origen antropogénicos. Para el grupo de trazadores de suelo: Na, As, Pb y Ni, presentaron enriquecimiento moderado. Los resultados mostraron que el Mg, Mn, V y K se originan en el proceso natural del suelo. Palabras clave: PM10, PST, fuentes de contaminacion, traza de elemento, factor de enriquecimiento Elemental Composition and Sources of Inhalable Particles (PM10) and Suspended Total Particles (TSP) in the Urban Area of the City of Riohacha, Colombia AbstractThis research evaluated the concentration, elemental composition and sources of origin of particle PM10 and TSP. Fifteen chemical elements (As, Cd, Ca, Zn, Cu, Cr, Co, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, K, Na and V) were determined using atomic absorption spectrometry. Levels of PM10 (19.4 and 51 µg/m3) and TSP (27.6 and 53.7 µg/m3) did not exceed international standards. The enrichment factor (EF) showed that the soil tracer elements are associated with TSP particles while elements of anthropogenic origin are associated with PM10 particles. Zn, Cu and Co, showed strong enrichment in PM10 and TSP in the two stations, concluding that are elements of anthropogenic origin. For the group of soil trace elements: Na, As, Pb and Ni, showed a moderate enrichment. The results showed that elements such as Mg, Mn, V and K originated from the natural process of soil.

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“…Although, Piedmont is the gateway to the Po valley, so far it has seldom been studied as a whole (Romanazzi et al, 2014;Casazza et al, 2013;). …”

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confidence: 99%

Spatial distribution and potential sources of trace elements in PM10 monitored in urban and rural sites of Piedmont Region

et al. 2016

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The results on elemental composition of aerosol (PM10) sampled during 2011 in Piedmont region (Italy) are interpreted using meteorological data, Enrichment Factors (EF), chemometric processing by Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Factor Analysis (FA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA).Daily concentrations of about 30 elements were measured using HR-ICP-MS in five monitoring sites. A clear seasonal pattern, with higher concentrations in autumn and winter, was observed, particularly in the urban sites. Levels of As, Cd, Ni and Pb in most of the samples were within the limits imposed by the European legislation. Spatial differences in PM10 and metal concentrations were significant, with rural and urban sites showing different metal patterns, indicating different sources. K and Ca were used, respectively, as marker of biomass burning and industrial marker (cement plant); EFs showed that Ca was enriched just in one area and K was enriched only in the winter period considered and in some stations.Data analysis through PCA, FA and HCA allowed us to identify correlations among the investigated elements and similarities between sampling sites in order to individuate specific emission sources, such as non-exhaust vehicle emission. Keywords PiedmontTrace elements in PM10 Spatial variability Chemometric processingInductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry

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PM10 size distribution of metals and environmental-sanitary risk analysis in the city of Torino

Cited by 51 publications

References 29 publications

Heavy Metals Size Distribution in PM10 and Environmental-Sanitary Risk Analysis in Acerra (Italy)

Heavy Metals Size Distribution in PM10 and Environmental-Sanitary Risk Analysis in Acerra (Italy)

Composición Elemental y Fuentes de Origen de Partículas Respirables (PM10) y Partículas Suspendidas Totales (PST) en el Área Urbana de la Ciudad de Riohacha, Colombia

Spatial distribution and potential sources of trace elements in PM10 monitored in urban and rural sites of Piedmont Region

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